China Ⅱ using IM800 online customer service solutions to create the perfect player to experience
2006/12/18
construction background
With the vigorous development of China's online game industry, the domestic online games market is becoming more competitive, quality of service and efficiency will directly impact on the reputation of the online games business and economic benefits. Shenzhen Domain Network to face the new changes in market conditions, I feel the traditional telephone hotline has been unable to meet business development, and integration of communications companies in the IM800 After full analysis of business requirements teams, online customer service solutions using IM800 online customer service applications deployed to enhance the player's service experience. newly built online customer service system that provides real-time online communication, online messages, online issue to the other methods, and be integrated into a unified service platform for multi-level players, players personalized services, to ensure the accumulation and sharing of information players; In addition, the systems and telephone service, forum services, mail services work together to build a sound The online customer service system. the domain of the client at any time (including in the game in progress) to enjoy high quality services, greatly enhance the player's satisfaction, and directly improve service capacity and customer service staff received management capacity.
game features online customer service
embedded player to play the game the same time, without leaving the game, click on the game's embedded in web pages, forums, players do not need to download any plug-ins, that point is communicating.
players and game scenes information gathering function
service personnel in response to service before the full collection of players and game scenes information can greatly reduce the player and customer service communication time and communication between the errors, and therefore enhance the efficiency of customer service and problem-solving success. including the collection of player accounts, the use of computer hardware and software configuration information (to support the open part of contract) and other individual information collected by the district service, where the scene game section, the coordinates of the scene such as game scenes information, collection, question classification, a brief description, information, and support custom.
game screenshot / screenshot feature
support DirectX technology to enable interception of the game players can easily The high-precision graphics, and the cut-off that spread to service, simple and convenient.
sudden large-scale problems of the system announcement / broadcast function
sudden large-scale problems, players flocked to customer service requests can be connected to human services through the display system before the announcement / broadcast in the form of guidelines for players to solve their own problems, to avoid the large area of player complaints, separate human service pressure. also be used as online / offline, upgrade, and zones activities of the notice and warm holiday greetings to give players more active care.
priority based on the player or customer service skills-based queuing (ACD)
in accordance with the 20 / 80 principles, customer service is always limited, it is important Players should be given priority service, even online, the best match player skill levels of customer service issues.
business classification and status tracking
each service, not only to retain the entire contents and process of recording, but also the business classification in accordance with the custom of receiving the service request the collection, so subsequent analysis of statistics and categorized archives, such as ;, solution, you need to follow-up treatment, by setting different flags to track its process.
background monitoring the quality of service to work customer service staff to monitor each real-time service status, such as the number of cumulative service player, the cumulative service players the length of time, response speed of the players, the player is given the satisfaction of other indicators.
customer service record details of this work since the service logs: When login to work? When did you start service? which players respond to service requests ? service process? when suspended? lasted how long? suspended How many times? so.
in quality at the same time, if found to be detrimental to service quality, customer service can also be timely intervention services : If you find bad customer service state of mind, emotional instability, it may be set to do this (forced to discontinue its services), to take over the session and terminate the session, and so on.
background monitoring quality of service to the customer service managers to use the main (such as customer service team leader, customer service manager) to help them achieve the daily management of staff and service process.
reporting statistical analysis of statistical reports
operations through statistical visitors during the operation of the system access, service access (session, message, e-mail), services exhaled (session, message, e-mail) and the agent working the case, mainly reflecting the system's overall operating metrics, service quality and work performance. operating conditions, statistical reports can follow the time (day, week , month, quarter, year, specified period of time), statistical range (system, agent) for statistical.
business
statistical reports have been accepted on the case, and in the horizontal, in accordance with a variety of user-defined business segments Caliber for statistical analysis, to reflect the distribution of all services business cases, analysis of trends and business focus of its business; in the vertical, in accordance with the state trace flag, statistical analysis, to reflect the service's handling of cases, the bottleneck link in the process of service and weaknesses.
business as statistical reports and operational reports, in accordance with time, the statistical object diameter.
statements reflect the entire customer service function is the main basis for performance, but also an important means of managing customer service department. < br> Excellent benefits
IM800 online customer service solutions for the successful application for the domain to bring the following Competitiveness:
service capabilities competitiveness: the early online customer service capabilities over a single domain, only the forums, and mailing feature, the player can not receive timely assistance, which greatly reduces customer satisfaction; by using the IM800-line customer service system to realize the players in the game and the GM customer service directly to ask questions, get help, all questions and real-time conversation with the line feature , will lead the player to the relevant agent accurately, thus greatly improving the service quality and reduce the abandonment rate service, so players to experience much improved;
service monitoring competitiveness: IM800 online customer service solution provides a full suite of service monitoring measures, operation and maintenance personnel can access real-time monitoring agents and working conditions, in order to adjust staff input; can query session records 24 hours a day; operations management personnel can check the daily service by reporting statistical data, business data; < br> Service Quality Competitiveness: IM800 online customer service system unified database FAQ (Help Desk), while retaining business in the circulation of every aspect, making the seats on the quality of customer service staff are well documented and consolidated operations management mechanism, so that uniform standards of services, quality of service greatly enhanced;
online customer service system, and integrates the excellent internal resources domain to unify the access, unified background processing to achieve a one-stop online service for a domain first-class brand into a new life.
excellent rating
Answer rate. The system has automatically record the history of customer service, track and monitor functions, but also to improve the quality of service we continue to lay a solid foundation. Online Customer Service System can be said to serve multiple purposes, in enhancing the corporate image, enhance customer service levels and efficiency, but also bring us more players. (the domain), the company was established in April 1997 in Shenzhen, since its inception has been the domain of technology in pursuit of the target class and always in high-speed, stable development of the state, is currently the largest in southern China online game development and operation of high-tech software technology companies.
2000, Shenzhen Domain successful development co-operation with Shenzhen Telecom had 〖Chinese game center, we currently〗 〖Chinese game has become a center of millions of registered users, while more than online 30 million people in one of the top three casual chess .2004 by the end of the site to market Online〗 〖China in 2005 that the Chinese original online games and many other Top Ten honors and was named to the first nation gaming project. August 28, 2006 launch〗 〖Chinese II Online, caused a sensation.
as the Internet, high-tech enterprise, Shenzhen Domain has won the
IM800 is a leading online customer service system brand. IM800 Lean Practice is committed to the concept of service, including real-time conversation, self-knowledge-based systems, the question presented and tracking system, email management systems, and integrated solutions. through the easy installation technology and extensive customer base from the best user experience to help clients improve customer service, reduce customer service costs. So far, IM800 has successfully helped customers achieve too much, involved in the industry, including the tax authorities, power companies, gaming companies, IT companies and so on. For more information, please visit our website:
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Rainbow steak
I have been stewed fish, little steamed, the family tastes heavier! Particular baby son in particular do not like steamed fish ...
again and told him the taste of fresh fish steamed ... the loss of nutrients is not easy .. . just do not eat! even told me suggestions, said: Mom steamed fish, the color white if not tasty ah! braised eat also some tired today ...
Zaichao fish marinated first, also with the Pepper, the change to his son to love! but also inside the barbed careful ah!
material:
fish a green pepper and red pepper yellow pepper Marinade the 30g
:
salt pepper corn starch
wine sauce:
cooking wine salt pepper ginger sesame oil chicken powder
practice:
1 fillet cut into diagonal pieces Marinate for 10 minutes, green red and yellow peppers cut diamond film, hot skillet with oil into the steak fry until cooked Sheng
2 wok to stay out of the oil down into the bell peppers stir fry, add steak seasoning and stir well
again and told him the taste of fresh fish steamed ... the loss of nutrients is not easy .. . just do not eat! even told me suggestions, said: Mom steamed fish, the color white if not tasty ah! braised eat also some tired today ...
Zaichao fish marinated first, also with the Pepper, the change to his son to love! but also inside the barbed careful ah!
material:
fish a green pepper and red pepper yellow pepper Marinade the 30g
:
salt pepper corn starch
wine sauce:
cooking wine salt pepper ginger sesame oil chicken powder
practice:
1 fillet cut into diagonal pieces Marinate for 10 minutes, green red and yellow peppers cut diamond film, hot skillet with oil into the steak fry until cooked Sheng
2 wok to stay out of the oil down into the bell peppers stir fry, add steak seasoning and stir well
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Countries continue to increase support for seed industry
Into hybrid rice seed industry is expected to give priority to support the object
Premier Wen Jiabao on Feb. 22 chaired a State Council executive meeting, study and plan to accelerate the development of modern crop seed industry. It was noted that the policy will increase the support and input, and strive in 2020 to create a number of breeding capacity, production and processing technology advanced, a sound marketing network and technology services in place of the modern crop seed industry groups to enhance the crop seed industry in China level of development.
Do panic! The main force is still diving? Stuck with the stock is likely to have saved! March the stock market changes are likely to occur? Tug of war behind the hidden financial trends!
Our study shows that after 2000 On the one hand improve the seed from the relevant national laws and regulations, and increase seed subsidies, support seed research and development, strengthening R & D units and cooperation in the seed business to support the seed industry. On the other hand, the three international seed giant controlled 65% of the world corn market and more than 50% of the soybean market, and have penetrated into China's corn, cotton, soybeans and other kinds of industry.
species related to the agriculture industry in the development of stability and national food security, the state has increased its support to the national strategic level, we expect the seed industry policy support will continue to increase. Hybrid rice seed industry in China has the world's leading seed breeding technology, a few have the advantage of the seed industry, is expected to become a national priority to supporting the object, the industry faces significant consolidation opportunities.
we expect in 2011 with the strengthening of policy support, the threshold for a substantial increase in registered capital, the National Seed 8700 would be compressed to 1,500 companies within the industry is facing significant consolidation opportunities, with complex, pushing
In addition, demand-driven by internal and external, hybrid rice seed market space continues to expand. 2010, the domestic rice market value of 101 billion yuan. With the price of hybrid rice seeds and the improvement of penetration, we expect the domestic rice market in 2030 will reach 39.2 billion worth, more than 250% increase over 2010.
】 【investment advice
market given the higher growth of rice seed business expectations, the valuation is relatively higher than other seed companies. One of hybrid rice seed company nearly 70 times 2011 earnings. Other seed companies in 2011, 45 times PE. We believe that hybrid rice seed industry in support rose to national strategic context, with Hi-Tech, Tsuen Fung Lok Silver Seed Industry and Tech.
Premier Wen Jiabao on Feb. 22 chaired a State Council executive meeting, study and plan to accelerate the development of modern crop seed industry. It was noted that the policy will increase the support and input, and strive in 2020 to create a number of breeding capacity, production and processing technology advanced, a sound marketing network and technology services in place of the modern crop seed industry groups to enhance the crop seed industry in China level of development.
Do panic! The main force is still diving? Stuck with the stock is likely to have saved! March the stock market changes are likely to occur? Tug of war behind the hidden financial trends!
Our study shows that after 2000 On the one hand improve the seed from the relevant national laws and regulations, and increase seed subsidies, support seed research and development, strengthening R & D units and cooperation in the seed business to support the seed industry. On the other hand, the three international seed giant controlled 65% of the world corn market and more than 50% of the soybean market, and have penetrated into China's corn, cotton, soybeans and other kinds of industry.
species related to the agriculture industry in the development of stability and national food security, the state has increased its support to the national strategic level, we expect the seed industry policy support will continue to increase. Hybrid rice seed industry in China has the world's leading seed breeding technology, a few have the advantage of the seed industry, is expected to become a national priority to supporting the object, the industry faces significant consolidation opportunities.
we expect in 2011 with the strengthening of policy support, the threshold for a substantial increase in registered capital, the National Seed 8700 would be compressed to 1,500 companies within the industry is facing significant consolidation opportunities, with complex, pushing
In addition, demand-driven by internal and external, hybrid rice seed market space continues to expand. 2010, the domestic rice market value of 101 billion yuan. With the price of hybrid rice seeds and the improvement of penetration, we expect the domestic rice market in 2030 will reach 39.2 billion worth, more than 250% increase over 2010.
】 【investment advice
market given the higher growth of rice seed business expectations, the valuation is relatively higher than other seed companies. One of hybrid rice seed company nearly 70 times 2011 earnings. Other seed companies in 2011, 45 times PE. We believe that hybrid rice seed industry in support rose to national strategic context, with Hi-Tech, Tsuen Fung Lok Silver Seed Industry and Tech.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
I did a little experience of financial managers
If the early years to see such an article might affect my career; But now see, it is not too late, I can recommend to her friends just to work, hope to see some post- benefit.
Lam Kwan of the article is longer, be patient Oh.
I did a little experience of financial managers to see so many
financial counterparts, really some also mixed in the financial ranks of a number of years, and treasurer for many years to do the work, although there is no , and 90 years of graduates, or easier to get work (including distribution), and of course there is water in order to enter a unit or to care related. I just do not understand social relations, the unit is naturally assigned to the poor , but compared to the current forms of employment, should be considered very lucky. join the finance team after graduation in two years after the certificate has a few basic, but our unit is a hundred people, but the state-owned stores, there are three financial individuals, I was the only graduate of the financial professional. then retire the old cashier, accounting for just me and a salesperson to the cashier brought out. In this unit assume it is to learn anything deep, because the stage for you so much. I was out looking for work during the period ,92-93 years was a turbulent period, many large companies are hiring, but I saw only to find out the level they are poor; the next time I devote themselves to study and work in the unit , leisure is a very good job learning opportunities. at public expense, I have to go at their own expense, the To come to find work. Later, chatting with some friends this experience, many people think I waste too much time, but I think that 8 years to get something to take money and status is not measured. the future develop benefit from the 8 years of accumulation ah.
therefore, give first job of the friends of advice:
First, may be able to get under the lonely, be willing to ordinary, willing the poor, do not follow the crowd, finds a target to go in the end, wandering on the cause of development is the most harmful. a lot of people make big money to see this job go to school today; future development of the industry has to quickly think of ways to get inside; people into business, also followed the resignation of doing business; the stock market the fire began to learn the stock market analysis, all of what the K line graph. In the end nothing (we have several graduates with this is, is not an exaggeration). monkey wrench the story of corn from small school too, can really aside the impetuous to make you do, they dress is not easy.
second, to constantly learn new things, was probably less than, but your future is only the benefits of development. By the way a, I 8 years , one week I learned a five-stroke input method; time to learn accounting software or DOS version of it! was to deepen, but also a learning machine to buy a regular practice typing. Later, a new job, these things can be learned I'm really worthy of the new company are doing with the computer account, a great opportunity ah.
Third, never underestimate the underlying and basic work, such as cashiers, warehouse, contacts, and statistics. If you have lost dry boring number, do not waste time in this line. Any work must focus on treatment, and most importantly, to learn to do things, first learn to be.
This includes too much. work and do not talk about a higher level, basically equal to the accounting back office + personnel + General + + Secretarial + Administrative so, and do more things on their own is the best exercise, this exercise is necessary after the upgrade, do not lose the idea of how to work.
have a broad mind and tolerance, tolerant of others shortcomings. There is a saying how much a person's success will depend on how his mind. and they do not like or do not get along with others like themselves, is a mind a major test for the human mind to do great things are to be opponents hold big.
and many hh
With this 8 years of accumulation, followed by job-hopping is easy. In fact, I changes in the work of my friends are going. but I foothold in the new company, depending on their abilities, can not do anything if I do not dare disgrace. Also, do not do that no matter how good relations friends can not protect your job, and now no company would keep a eat the bread of idleness of.
98 in one year, I changed the two companies, the first one is a foreign company, the other is a private company, I was 99 years into the participate in the work of my fourth since the company is foreign, as the company's development better, so far I have no intention of leaving.
our company is a large group to the sales subsidiaries abroad, the headquarters is in a large manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong, most capital cities in the country have set up branches in succession. management of foreign invested enterprises with very large differences between state-owned enterprises, foreign companies working in a long time, way of thinking has changed. the company continued to expand , every year you learn something new. Every year a group of recruiting financial executives to meet all the branches, the major area must focus on training time per quarter, every year the old faces that have disappeared, there are new faces mm, some financial executives appear more refined can not meet the regulatory requirements and the new financial software has been eliminated. to make a new financial software to do the normal operation, as the financial officer to pay more attention than others.
or talk about the company I now work in most years, I have feelings of a few things right!
see many of my friends talk about the difficulties of job search and interview to talk about my years recruitment of staff experience.
we in the western region to establish a branch office of a provincial capital, the area's business turned out to be responsible by our office, and later for independence for bigger results, but the operational and financial aspects The management has been allocated to another branch (branch manager that the Taiwan people, business and politics, same as there is struggle for power), financial officers by them to local recruitment. but because of inadequate management, inadequate year, and finally violence problem, of course, on funding. perpetrator was sentenced financial officer. I was urgently sent to take over all accounts and files on the one hand side should then make inventory accounting finance branch normal operation, but also to replace all the financial staff. hastily played in the newspaper advertisement, the first round of interviews took two days to more than 50 people, selected 20 individuals to re-examination, the interview is not like that here others say it so hard to recruit people, ah, the conditions of these people coming all came good. can local authorities told me that you will understand after the second interview.
second interview on the topic of two parts, pens answer is related to financial knowledge and accounting entries, which can be part of the majority to re-examination of the answer was through. computer problem is a simple spreadsheet, but the input of Chinese characters, numbers, set up table format, add a few simple formulas that are related to the function, to fifteen minutes. This difference could be seen, and most of the resume and verbal self-proclaimed off, they only took less than 5 minutes. Then out from the two people selected, finally the recruitment did not fail, but the trick will be able to train as a financial officer who plans to come true. local authorities laugh at me: ; you stay here for a good financial officer. tell you that we do not come here to recruit a decent person, you believe me this time. important that could get shot. if they can not hand out the words that may wish to use online games, chat to spend more time practicing the real thing, after all, the computer is not as rare as before something more than what is. ( I worked for the students to learn computer units often spend the night, of course, to help him do by hand accounts, has volunteered to work overtime mm unpaid leave, in order to stay longer at the computer, has rented a computer). < br> In fact, mastery of EXCEL mainly by the work of multidisciplinary multi-purpose, many techniques are in use in their own discovery. put some of it harsh, most companies will not recruit people to work for this type of office automation software to give you a pre-job learning and training time to come will be able to work, these things as we had exams at school level abacus like to be treated as compulsory training, to put it more bluntly, should the computer as the hands of the big new thinking, well you use, your efficiency will be considerably higher. computers and financial software are actually advances in computing tools, You must keep up with the pace of this change can be unchanging feet. (I see too many in the accounting program in the WORD form, fill into the numbers, then add a good calculator, put together the results fill in the form.)
also be more exchange of experience with others, each man has their habits and characteristics of communication methods you will find that others might be more simple and quick, and sometimes just someone else give you a key, you will have understood why the feeling. certainly not be able to experience their own bottom pressure, see other people with stupid method to teach him the recipe, communication has always been a mutual thing.
finance the line threshold is not high, but not easy to do good things. If you want to learn bookkeeping, ed certificate and a statement, general finance and economics who graduated a few months can not work independently, but not all the financial work, and now the companies pay more attention to financial management, not only a good finance director to lead the department to complete its work , but also to give adequate attention to other sectors of the business activities, business activities to do in advance of the prediction and subsequent analysis, accounting, and report the matter after the report is on the record of good financial staff can not only drill in pile of books, but also able to see the problems and finding solutions.
some friends do not understand the accounting staff, accounting supervisor, finance manager (CFO) What is the difference between why some people can continue to a promotion, while others can only account has been buried. This addition to the development of the company have enough space to create opportunities for you outside the individual's ability is the main. according to my understanding, a qualified accountant to completion of the work of accounting and reporting, accounting executives to be able to finance staff training and guidance to the work of each, for a company to build complete financial accounting system, financial manager (director) is not only able to form a complete team of financial work , but the main point is able to finance the company's business decisions, a major impact on business development. The above is totally depend on the ability to work to achieve.
started the second recruitment, hiring only hired because the last time two people, accounting (that is, the future chief financial officer to train candidates for the office) is also an empty lot, actually. just can not leave me here, I had a family do.
the lessons of the last advertisement is too simple lesson, an increase of number of professional requirements, and clearly the financial director to recruit, in order to attract some real senior accounting personnel. this time to submit your resume only four men and a woman who, conditions are good, the examination results are compared almost. candidates, but spent the time to do the thinking, this process need not elaborate, and finally left a man, I think the culture should be qualified for a period of time the work of chief financial officer.
to let him know as soon as the company's financial processes and business process, I let him start from the beginning based on the work, but it is not acceptable is that he came to feel that he is chief financial officer, these are not his doing, and I repeatedly told him that reason, he verbally agreed and said understand, but do not dwell on that, the Ministry of Finance who find fault with the other new, want to show the charge status of the momentum, and and business managers in frequent controversies, new tactics to secretly find out who the Ministry of Finance is not Introduction What is the relationship to come, the former retained a person is not a background, etc., it took the company two months to do a good atmosphere, to deal with things when the students move dogma, regardless of the actual situation of the company, financial Ministry refuses to accept other people he managed, and some began to me to resign. my repeated attempts do not work, he had a final warning, to a foothold in the company relies on the ability to work, not theory and dogma, if not recognize clear that, behind the road will become narrower and narrower. The manager can not persevere, and finally down the dismissal letter, let him leave.
I had to admit the failure of the employer, and for a long time for this things to heart, I feel a bit sad really. because I got a lot of work laid the foundation, the choice of him and bent his own school to teach him everything and let him lead the finance team have grown up a vibrant , did not expect such an outcome. I think a lot of company for that matter in the selection of personnel gains and losses. New officers to be entrusted with the task to go through the test of long-term work to fully understand his attitude and ability to work and thought personality, just by interviewing a person can not fully understand the true colors of the. The selection of competent financial staff from the existing test evaluation is sufficient grasp.
In addition, through this, I also analyzed about candidates personal factors. I often see some people complain about the difficult job market is not easy, but I have to say is that in a company, personal fulfillment is not the status of high personal decision, and the level of personal status also does not depend on the appointment and his leadership style to determine. The most important work is not only to do their share of the work, but also to cooperate fully with the work of others, to ensure the smooth flow of each link, ; not a slogan, the same inseparable from the efforts of everyone. And sometimes like a position in charge of a tutor to teach subordinates to keep learning; sometimes like a traffic police, to coordinate our work with; sometimes diplomat, to the same External contacts and communication (other departments, as well as outside the company's government departments, etc.). When you are at work fails to reflect what he is not paying a whole, if the company really bury your role, it had to change company.
people choose a career is a lot of incidental factors (Financial Times, I kind of professional entrance examination only because of its low enrollment of score, I just score one point higher than the increase of the advantages of learning). but I think inherently difficult to work and interest in reunification, but can only choose this job, will use to concentrate on the attitude towards it. The difference between the various professional involved is that different areas of expertise, but professional spirit will always be interlinked , that is sense: they want to learn something, but do not want to you to teach accounting to retain many of the key things. Accounting idea is: often seen in small business, financial officers that the general two or three people. But in large enterprises, the Finance Department has seven or eight, when a dozen people, to learn some things even harder, because everyone access to only a part of the possible long-term are not mind doing some simple work. but let's put aside model aside, because the development of each company is different. As a personal sense, to retain their own so-called secrets are not available take, the world, through the continuous practice of the work accomplished, of course, seniors can walk less pointing a lot of detours, but as the post of an accountant, and if they ever hold their own inevitably there will be no progress. because the earlier mentioned, the accounting staff will only get rid of accounting, the Institute issues seen from the accounts, the use of the means to participate in financial management, operation and management of enterprises to keep the body may be raised. so You can not heap all day long buried in the accounts can not get out, to be willing to let new people to do things, you just pointing from the side that, if the problems encountered by the unusual decision to approach you out, but you only do the daily work routine audit was closed, the time spent on management analysis, the participating company's business activities, if your proposal is really to get a large company profits, or for the company to reduce the unnecessary loss, but the company has in the management of significantly changed the status of your company will naturally improve, then you will be by an ordinary accountant into a financial executive, the appointment of this name even without a higher level, you need not care about your ability has improved, This is the first important. Another point, you want to work less than what others have found, using your experience to help them progress, they will convince you to recognize the status of your financial director.
In addition, the treatment of newcomers to give more tolerant attitude, which is especially important just to work graduates. because they are generally new to social, work, office and colleague of their predecessors, and so the feeling is almost brand new, work The guidance and encouragement more than harsh criticism for a new step forward. I have heard some friends say, he just remember one subject to harsh criticism by his head once, so that he should not feel like into this line. In fact, everyone is constantly from the constant progress of error, but some people raised position after the strong sense of superiority, and forgot they did not know from what it was the beginning.
to do the accounting who wants to have a big development must not be afraid of being or possession of the library who do not have too hasty, after all, the financial officer is now an oversupply of this line if you plan to do so, to devote themselves to practice internal strength, work, pay attention everywhere are learning, not only do a good job holding their own live, the attitude of the other not and will not ask. work, there will be many questions you can not think there are contradictions, you should pay attention to your leadership is how to handle and resolve, but also think about how would you deal with. you have to accumulate experience for yourself, will rack their brains to learn when not busy looking for a job. work on the QQ chat when nothing was in full swing, but asked if the leadership and will be difficult task entrusted to you.
my own experience speaking, we actually on the company's cashier and accounting staff almost from the invoice, the certificate to the financial statements made by her to complete, but also go to the bank and report to duty, but a lot of our audit process, internal control is very strict. I also do a lot of indicators of daily statistical reports, at the end there is more than a dozen reported. but I often make between the accounting statements do, because it was to do the weekly staff performance tables, I only check about the total number and key parts. so that he can deepen our understanding of the company's requirements and intentions of various indicators.
we replace the new software, I made a preliminary pre-mastered, the church everyone how, beginning in the entry inventory data (that is a big project, because the new software requires us to have each item added bar code) into battle with everyone, on a Saturday to work overtime to complete. If such a large amount of work is only one person to Kuguan do to a few days, everyone involved so that everyone can have understanding of the logistics system. And in the previously mentioned I was an emergency transfer to other branches, the company's financial operations and will not be affected, by the end Checkout and successful completion of the report and everyone else, I just do the report after the audit report, and most of my energy used in the financial reorganization and the new training top, I actually became the financial director of two branches, so busy more than three months, during which the two companies a month, I spent two weeks each, at the end of the checkout staff to be on the new tactics to guide, to see them able to complete the monthly accounting process, I think I have finally paid results. to do so much work, physical and mental fatigue is difficult to express a few words, but mentally I have a sense of accomplishment. This burden which I have never so sudden a lot of work to their supervisors for treatment requirements, I would first try to do satisfactory work. Of course the efforts of the headquarters was visible to me, for me was a promotion, I am also responsible for officially designated two branches of the financial work, and the increase salary range is large (usually once a year plus 50 yuan to 100 yuan), but added more pressure on me, because if the future so that we can lose his job, but not such a high salary to find a new job ah . to work near friends may be difficult to understand this, but sometimes for us, plus the high salary is not good, which means you have to pay more.
I am in charge of this branch has not a third of recruitment, that recruitment failures, I do not have to train new recruits again, but to retain the only mention on the accounting staff do the accounting, her work is very effective, quickly became the headquarters of recognition. Now the branches of the financial operations were normal, on the whole of a small team of solidarity.
course, if there is recruitment for, I would have preferred it not to replace staff, but for the company growing needs of its area but also points out independently carried out a recruitment office, and that not very distant. I hope that when she was a good finance director, able to complete these tasks .
friends suffer from some accounting position in the company is not high, it should be analyzed for different situations.
one is mostly private companies to manage the family's management company, there are some small companies management is relatively loose, the owner of such companies or leading to the relatively limited financial knowledge, because in many cases at him to understand it, the business development and funding of the operation he know what to do, then really good accounting as the only account. the accounts of these companies do things the boss may be arbitrary random number, to the Finance inconvenient, but the boss will not mind.
other is the management of large companies and relatively formal small and medium companies, of course, is a key financial vital sectors, such companies had to internal management and control, rely on much stronger financial sector. And as the accounting officer in this company, to put it more straightforward, CEOs support behind the work of the Ministry of Finance, you are more to play its role very well the.
Obviously, we can only address the second case within the company to discuss how to improve the status of accounting staff problem.
start talking about other aspects.
we are engaged in the profession of accounting, of course, the profession has a lot of emotion. Even though many people say do not love this line, but I think most people still naturally accepted, and very seriously. very interesting, I chatted with some friends, colleagues up, has such a common thought is naturally produced a savings for the company all available of the resources of such a kind way of doing things, which other departments have been criticized for the boss behind the running dogs of the words of a class of very pleasant to the ear.
as a financial officer or an employee of the Ministry of Finance, do you know other departments about you or your department do? What do you think these assessments, but also how to deal with these contradictions do?
I've seen some talk about evaluation of the financial sector, some say. these articles written in the common course, a matter the company, certainly not from a financial person's handwriting, all I think we should have his facts straight. can not remember the original words, along the following lines: < br> evaluation of: the company does not offend the second is financial, the company's position in face of very general, but holds many of the company secrets, your every move in business activities have been recorded year-end evaluation of your promotion, the Finance Department can not ignore the bounds, if you inadvertently offend them, are likely to encounter in the time unexpected disaster, and they were not to be found hidden in the back.
Evaluation II : Do you have written is not standardized because the documents were returned to rewrite the financial experience again and again? in their eyes, standardization has become the main content of their work, the real purpose of the work but was ignored. you will understand why you are at work not smooth always felt it, one by one with the invisible hand in the way you all reasonable entanglement, most of your work energy loss of these independent departments run out.
there are other, can not remember clear, I see almost no paper had a positive evaluation of the financial.
Why? What conclusion from it?
a company's operations, the vast majority will be recorded by the financial sector, a sale the completion of the business, the business sector may only be done with nothing more than taking on the other playing contracts, orders, shipments, invoicing should be the financial sector operations. Finance Department is also the company most often and monitor implementation of the system, the Finance Department The importance of nature are different, but often overlooked veterans or other departments. In order to improve their own status, but also is to let everyone in the company recognizes the existence of finance, so the Finance Ministry and other departments, infighting is almost everywhere. said have an objective point of this struggle is not simply about who is going to stir up, no matter which department wants to reflect in the company itself important, but this is one way of office politics exist.
Therefore, as the financial people you have to understand their position in the company by the ability to enhance, not a boss or someone else holding up. If you're in the company attaches great importance to financial management position, you can very well make their own work , also do not even think about how great of course, thinks it is, to treat their subordinates with elitism, not looked down on other departments. Remember, we are all people who work in the company, only positions The level of inequality is not personality, but many people in the promotion soon after the change of mind, which of course is another topic of the.
course, there are more verbal comments from the people. We often hear, such as on buses, people often talk about how his company will say how to buckle the door of their accounting, travel expense card, bearing the matter, is the owner of a class miser friends, sometimes you will laugh However, Well everyone at different positions, and they do care about them, as they say. information, to understand the real situation of the company, especially someone of your true evaluation. Of course, everyone likes to hear positive and negative evaluation of you is the most important. you find from the negative evaluation their own problems and to improve and enhance? previously mentioned, one aspect of how to get along with others is really important.
people who are willing to criticize you, that you are very good in the company's popularity. Of course many people say in the company has no real friends, but without prejudice to the others reflect your leadership deficiencies, if the leadership can point out your shortcomings, that he also wanted you to stay here well.
therefore, be criticized even more terrifying than what evaluation can not, then you to the time of the leave.
Now, if you feel very isolated in the company, first look at their own introspection.
to establish good communication.
If you are a financial executive, you are communicating with subordinates is the basis of the status of you build sector, a sector, most of subordinates to complete the work, and many of the problems come from the subordinate feedback, you can resolve in time, under the confidence you have, willing to give you to ask questions, Do not put yourself because when the head of the whole into a loner. This is why the aforementioned able to teach new people the courage to work to subordinates important reasons.
with other departments to establish good communication. Finance departments have almost all the information the company is often a very confusing thing other departments may be well aware of the financial sector, but quite good at using the financial information available, some of them are in his right mind, but to a attitudes towards the observer. timely and pull people one, you will return.
understand what you say to others insisted that the financial system is the company's internal control system. because when some of the financial system in the implementation of a Vice hand imperial sword rack solipsism dominance, which is not desirable.
should dare to come forward to participate in the management. for the company's problems in the timely performance of the Finance Department is the best way to work. < br> I once went to the Inland Revenue Department meeting, sitting next to a very young boy chat with me, he is running the business, the company's accounting is not in his place at the meeting. He said that their accounting is very stubborn. because he lost travel to accommodation invoices, accounting did not give him lodging reimbursement. He asked bend the rules, but I could not. I laughed, I asked him: This is not a stubborn man, but the system only. Your company is a company set up longer, the accounting will explain to you Why do not reimburse you. because it is only established companies, who still run-in period, each communication to be improved, it may depend on the accounting and you have to say . a department of the Ministry, in the final executive vice president of leadership positions in the Ministry of Finance, Department of Statistics is also a parallel with the Finance Department. operating under the Ministry of pipe more than a dozen stores, is a vice president in charge with the Administration Department at the same level, the natural ratio of the Ministry of Finance high level. a monthly regular meeting, the Finance Ministry proposed to store sales and inventory inspection, because the computer systems of the account up with the stores reported total sales and inventory accounts differ, the store manager and sales department stores total about computer systems instability, unwilling to admit that the stock of the computer. hand account is too messy, since no investigation. it goes on there will be a big problem. noncommittal on this vice president of sales department, then to the Finance Ministry, General Manager of the Human stores to inventory, then I just move because of the relatively large be recruited into this company, as the main inspectors.
my hand in finishing off the table quickly found a store when the accounts of a mess, And according to my experience, not the manager will not be responsible for bookkeeping accounting, but remember correctly account deliberately. I asked her to correct, as she balances on move of the opening period when several local copy wrong. she should do this and I dispute that written down on such and then to cry. this debate, vice president of business immediately attracted the intervention of the vice president is shield their mistakes, I am in a rage, the top of the Her two lines: came only a few days, and I dare speak? I was vice president!
Lam Kwan of the article is longer, be patient Oh.
I did a little experience of financial managers to see so many
financial counterparts, really some also mixed in the financial ranks of a number of years, and treasurer for many years to do the work, although there is no , and 90 years of graduates, or easier to get work (including distribution), and of course there is water in order to enter a unit or to care related. I just do not understand social relations, the unit is naturally assigned to the poor , but compared to the current forms of employment, should be considered very lucky. join the finance team after graduation in two years after the certificate has a few basic, but our unit is a hundred people, but the state-owned stores, there are three financial individuals, I was the only graduate of the financial professional. then retire the old cashier, accounting for just me and a salesperson to the cashier brought out. In this unit assume it is to learn anything deep, because the stage for you so much. I was out looking for work during the period ,92-93 years was a turbulent period, many large companies are hiring, but I saw only to find out the level they are poor; the next time I devote themselves to study and work in the unit , leisure is a very good job learning opportunities. at public expense, I have to go at their own expense, the To come to find work. Later, chatting with some friends this experience, many people think I waste too much time, but I think that 8 years to get something to take money and status is not measured. the future develop benefit from the 8 years of accumulation ah.
therefore, give first job of the friends of advice:
First, may be able to get under the lonely, be willing to ordinary, willing the poor, do not follow the crowd, finds a target to go in the end, wandering on the cause of development is the most harmful. a lot of people make big money to see this job go to school today; future development of the industry has to quickly think of ways to get inside; people into business, also followed the resignation of doing business; the stock market the fire began to learn the stock market analysis, all of what the K line graph. In the end nothing (we have several graduates with this is, is not an exaggeration). monkey wrench the story of corn from small school too, can really aside the impetuous to make you do, they dress is not easy.
second, to constantly learn new things, was probably less than, but your future is only the benefits of development. By the way a, I 8 years , one week I learned a five-stroke input method; time to learn accounting software or DOS version of it! was to deepen, but also a learning machine to buy a regular practice typing. Later, a new job, these things can be learned I'm really worthy of the new company are doing with the computer account, a great opportunity ah.
Third, never underestimate the underlying and basic work, such as cashiers, warehouse, contacts, and statistics. If you have lost dry boring number, do not waste time in this line. Any work must focus on treatment, and most importantly, to learn to do things, first learn to be.
This includes too much. work and do not talk about a higher level, basically equal to the accounting back office + personnel + General + + Secretarial + Administrative so, and do more things on their own is the best exercise, this exercise is necessary after the upgrade, do not lose the idea of how to work.
have a broad mind and tolerance, tolerant of others shortcomings. There is a saying how much a person's success will depend on how his mind. and they do not like or do not get along with others like themselves, is a mind a major test for the human mind to do great things are to be opponents hold big.
and many hh
With this 8 years of accumulation, followed by job-hopping is easy. In fact, I changes in the work of my friends are going. but I foothold in the new company, depending on their abilities, can not do anything if I do not dare disgrace. Also, do not do that no matter how good relations friends can not protect your job, and now no company would keep a eat the bread of idleness of.
98 in one year, I changed the two companies, the first one is a foreign company, the other is a private company, I was 99 years into the participate in the work of my fourth since the company is foreign, as the company's development better, so far I have no intention of leaving.
our company is a large group to the sales subsidiaries abroad, the headquarters is in a large manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong, most capital cities in the country have set up branches in succession. management of foreign invested enterprises with very large differences between state-owned enterprises, foreign companies working in a long time, way of thinking has changed. the company continued to expand , every year you learn something new. Every year a group of recruiting financial executives to meet all the branches, the major area must focus on training time per quarter, every year the old faces that have disappeared, there are new faces mm, some financial executives appear more refined can not meet the regulatory requirements and the new financial software has been eliminated. to make a new financial software to do the normal operation, as the financial officer to pay more attention than others.
or talk about the company I now work in most years, I have feelings of a few things right!
see many of my friends talk about the difficulties of job search and interview to talk about my years recruitment of staff experience.
we in the western region to establish a branch office of a provincial capital, the area's business turned out to be responsible by our office, and later for independence for bigger results, but the operational and financial aspects The management has been allocated to another branch (branch manager that the Taiwan people, business and politics, same as there is struggle for power), financial officers by them to local recruitment. but because of inadequate management, inadequate year, and finally violence problem, of course, on funding. perpetrator was sentenced financial officer. I was urgently sent to take over all accounts and files on the one hand side should then make inventory accounting finance branch normal operation, but also to replace all the financial staff. hastily played in the newspaper advertisement, the first round of interviews took two days to more than 50 people, selected 20 individuals to re-examination, the interview is not like that here others say it so hard to recruit people, ah, the conditions of these people coming all came good. can local authorities told me that you will understand after the second interview.
second interview on the topic of two parts, pens answer is related to financial knowledge and accounting entries, which can be part of the majority to re-examination of the answer was through. computer problem is a simple spreadsheet, but the input of Chinese characters, numbers, set up table format, add a few simple formulas that are related to the function, to fifteen minutes. This difference could be seen, and most of the resume and verbal self-proclaimed off, they only took less than 5 minutes. Then out from the two people selected, finally the recruitment did not fail, but the trick will be able to train as a financial officer who plans to come true. local authorities laugh at me: ; you stay here for a good financial officer. tell you that we do not come here to recruit a decent person, you believe me this time. important that could get shot. if they can not hand out the words that may wish to use online games, chat to spend more time practicing the real thing, after all, the computer is not as rare as before something more than what is. ( I worked for the students to learn computer units often spend the night, of course, to help him do by hand accounts, has volunteered to work overtime mm unpaid leave, in order to stay longer at the computer, has rented a computer). < br> In fact, mastery of EXCEL mainly by the work of multidisciplinary multi-purpose, many techniques are in use in their own discovery. put some of it harsh, most companies will not recruit people to work for this type of office automation software to give you a pre-job learning and training time to come will be able to work, these things as we had exams at school level abacus like to be treated as compulsory training, to put it more bluntly, should the computer as the hands of the big new thinking, well you use, your efficiency will be considerably higher. computers and financial software are actually advances in computing tools, You must keep up with the pace of this change can be unchanging feet. (I see too many in the accounting program in the WORD form, fill into the numbers, then add a good calculator, put together the results fill in the form.)
also be more exchange of experience with others, each man has their habits and characteristics of communication methods you will find that others might be more simple and quick, and sometimes just someone else give you a key, you will have understood why the feeling. certainly not be able to experience their own bottom pressure, see other people with stupid method to teach him the recipe, communication has always been a mutual thing.
finance the line threshold is not high, but not easy to do good things. If you want to learn bookkeeping, ed certificate and a statement, general finance and economics who graduated a few months can not work independently, but not all the financial work, and now the companies pay more attention to financial management, not only a good finance director to lead the department to complete its work , but also to give adequate attention to other sectors of the business activities, business activities to do in advance of the prediction and subsequent analysis, accounting, and report the matter after the report is on the record of good financial staff can not only drill in pile of books, but also able to see the problems and finding solutions.
some friends do not understand the accounting staff, accounting supervisor, finance manager (CFO) What is the difference between why some people can continue to a promotion, while others can only account has been buried. This addition to the development of the company have enough space to create opportunities for you outside the individual's ability is the main. according to my understanding, a qualified accountant to completion of the work of accounting and reporting, accounting executives to be able to finance staff training and guidance to the work of each, for a company to build complete financial accounting system, financial manager (director) is not only able to form a complete team of financial work , but the main point is able to finance the company's business decisions, a major impact on business development. The above is totally depend on the ability to work to achieve.
started the second recruitment, hiring only hired because the last time two people, accounting (that is, the future chief financial officer to train candidates for the office) is also an empty lot, actually. just can not leave me here, I had a family do.
the lessons of the last advertisement is too simple lesson, an increase of number of professional requirements, and clearly the financial director to recruit, in order to attract some real senior accounting personnel. this time to submit your resume only four men and a woman who, conditions are good, the examination results are compared almost. candidates, but spent the time to do the thinking, this process need not elaborate, and finally left a man, I think the culture should be qualified for a period of time the work of chief financial officer.
to let him know as soon as the company's financial processes and business process, I let him start from the beginning based on the work, but it is not acceptable is that he came to feel that he is chief financial officer, these are not his doing, and I repeatedly told him that reason, he verbally agreed and said understand, but do not dwell on that, the Ministry of Finance who find fault with the other new, want to show the charge status of the momentum, and and business managers in frequent controversies, new tactics to secretly find out who the Ministry of Finance is not Introduction What is the relationship to come, the former retained a person is not a background, etc., it took the company two months to do a good atmosphere, to deal with things when the students move dogma, regardless of the actual situation of the company, financial Ministry refuses to accept other people he managed, and some began to me to resign. my repeated attempts do not work, he had a final warning, to a foothold in the company relies on the ability to work, not theory and dogma, if not recognize clear that, behind the road will become narrower and narrower. The manager can not persevere, and finally down the dismissal letter, let him leave.
I had to admit the failure of the employer, and for a long time for this things to heart, I feel a bit sad really. because I got a lot of work laid the foundation, the choice of him and bent his own school to teach him everything and let him lead the finance team have grown up a vibrant , did not expect such an outcome. I think a lot of company for that matter in the selection of personnel gains and losses. New officers to be entrusted with the task to go through the test of long-term work to fully understand his attitude and ability to work and thought personality, just by interviewing a person can not fully understand the true colors of the. The selection of competent financial staff from the existing test evaluation is sufficient grasp.
In addition, through this, I also analyzed about candidates personal factors. I often see some people complain about the difficult job market is not easy, but I have to say is that in a company, personal fulfillment is not the status of high personal decision, and the level of personal status also does not depend on the appointment and his leadership style to determine. The most important work is not only to do their share of the work, but also to cooperate fully with the work of others, to ensure the smooth flow of each link, ; not a slogan, the same inseparable from the efforts of everyone. And sometimes like a position in charge of a tutor to teach subordinates to keep learning; sometimes like a traffic police, to coordinate our work with; sometimes diplomat, to the same External contacts and communication (other departments, as well as outside the company's government departments, etc.). When you are at work fails to reflect what he is not paying a whole, if the company really bury your role, it had to change company.
people choose a career is a lot of incidental factors (Financial Times, I kind of professional entrance examination only because of its low enrollment of score, I just score one point higher than the increase of the advantages of learning). but I think inherently difficult to work and interest in reunification, but can only choose this job, will use to concentrate on the attitude towards it. The difference between the various professional involved is that different areas of expertise, but professional spirit will always be interlinked , that is sense: they want to learn something, but do not want to you to teach accounting to retain many of the key things. Accounting idea is: often seen in small business, financial officers that the general two or three people. But in large enterprises, the Finance Department has seven or eight, when a dozen people, to learn some things even harder, because everyone access to only a part of the possible long-term are not mind doing some simple work. but let's put aside model aside, because the development of each company is different. As a personal sense, to retain their own so-called secrets are not available take, the world, through the continuous practice of the work accomplished, of course, seniors can walk less pointing a lot of detours, but as the post of an accountant, and if they ever hold their own inevitably there will be no progress. because the earlier mentioned, the accounting staff will only get rid of accounting, the Institute issues seen from the accounts, the use of the means to participate in financial management, operation and management of enterprises to keep the body may be raised. so You can not heap all day long buried in the accounts can not get out, to be willing to let new people to do things, you just pointing from the side that, if the problems encountered by the unusual decision to approach you out, but you only do the daily work routine audit was closed, the time spent on management analysis, the participating company's business activities, if your proposal is really to get a large company profits, or for the company to reduce the unnecessary loss, but the company has in the management of significantly changed the status of your company will naturally improve, then you will be by an ordinary accountant into a financial executive, the appointment of this name even without a higher level, you need not care about your ability has improved, This is the first important. Another point, you want to work less than what others have found, using your experience to help them progress, they will convince you to recognize the status of your financial director.
In addition, the treatment of newcomers to give more tolerant attitude, which is especially important just to work graduates. because they are generally new to social, work, office and colleague of their predecessors, and so the feeling is almost brand new, work The guidance and encouragement more than harsh criticism for a new step forward. I have heard some friends say, he just remember one subject to harsh criticism by his head once, so that he should not feel like into this line. In fact, everyone is constantly from the constant progress of error, but some people raised position after the strong sense of superiority, and forgot they did not know from what it was the beginning.
to do the accounting who wants to have a big development must not be afraid of being or possession of the library who do not have too hasty, after all, the financial officer is now an oversupply of this line if you plan to do so, to devote themselves to practice internal strength, work, pay attention everywhere are learning, not only do a good job holding their own live, the attitude of the other not and will not ask. work, there will be many questions you can not think there are contradictions, you should pay attention to your leadership is how to handle and resolve, but also think about how would you deal with. you have to accumulate experience for yourself, will rack their brains to learn when not busy looking for a job. work on the QQ chat when nothing was in full swing, but asked if the leadership and will be difficult task entrusted to you.
my own experience speaking, we actually on the company's cashier and accounting staff almost from the invoice, the certificate to the financial statements made by her to complete, but also go to the bank and report to duty, but a lot of our audit process, internal control is very strict. I also do a lot of indicators of daily statistical reports, at the end there is more than a dozen reported. but I often make between the accounting statements do, because it was to do the weekly staff performance tables, I only check about the total number and key parts. so that he can deepen our understanding of the company's requirements and intentions of various indicators.
we replace the new software, I made a preliminary pre-mastered, the church everyone how, beginning in the entry inventory data (that is a big project, because the new software requires us to have each item added bar code) into battle with everyone, on a Saturday to work overtime to complete. If such a large amount of work is only one person to Kuguan do to a few days, everyone involved so that everyone can have understanding of the logistics system. And in the previously mentioned I was an emergency transfer to other branches, the company's financial operations and will not be affected, by the end Checkout and successful completion of the report and everyone else, I just do the report after the audit report, and most of my energy used in the financial reorganization and the new training top, I actually became the financial director of two branches, so busy more than three months, during which the two companies a month, I spent two weeks each, at the end of the checkout staff to be on the new tactics to guide, to see them able to complete the monthly accounting process, I think I have finally paid results. to do so much work, physical and mental fatigue is difficult to express a few words, but mentally I have a sense of accomplishment. This burden which I have never so sudden a lot of work to their supervisors for treatment requirements, I would first try to do satisfactory work. Of course the efforts of the headquarters was visible to me, for me was a promotion, I am also responsible for officially designated two branches of the financial work, and the increase salary range is large (usually once a year plus 50 yuan to 100 yuan), but added more pressure on me, because if the future so that we can lose his job, but not such a high salary to find a new job ah . to work near friends may be difficult to understand this, but sometimes for us, plus the high salary is not good, which means you have to pay more.
I am in charge of this branch has not a third of recruitment, that recruitment failures, I do not have to train new recruits again, but to retain the only mention on the accounting staff do the accounting, her work is very effective, quickly became the headquarters of recognition. Now the branches of the financial operations were normal, on the whole of a small team of solidarity.
course, if there is recruitment for, I would have preferred it not to replace staff, but for the company growing needs of its area but also points out independently carried out a recruitment office, and that not very distant. I hope that when she was a good finance director, able to complete these tasks .
friends suffer from some accounting position in the company is not high, it should be analyzed for different situations.
one is mostly private companies to manage the family's management company, there are some small companies management is relatively loose, the owner of such companies or leading to the relatively limited financial knowledge, because in many cases at him to understand it, the business development and funding of the operation he know what to do, then really good accounting as the only account. the accounts of these companies do things the boss may be arbitrary random number, to the Finance inconvenient, but the boss will not mind.
other is the management of large companies and relatively formal small and medium companies, of course, is a key financial vital sectors, such companies had to internal management and control, rely on much stronger financial sector. And as the accounting officer in this company, to put it more straightforward, CEOs support behind the work of the Ministry of Finance, you are more to play its role very well the.
Obviously, we can only address the second case within the company to discuss how to improve the status of accounting staff problem.
start talking about other aspects.
we are engaged in the profession of accounting, of course, the profession has a lot of emotion. Even though many people say do not love this line, but I think most people still naturally accepted, and very seriously. very interesting, I chatted with some friends, colleagues up, has such a common thought is naturally produced a savings for the company all available of the resources of such a kind way of doing things, which other departments have been criticized for the boss behind the running dogs of the words of a class of very pleasant to the ear.
as a financial officer or an employee of the Ministry of Finance, do you know other departments about you or your department do? What do you think these assessments, but also how to deal with these contradictions do?
I've seen some talk about evaluation of the financial sector, some say. these articles written in the common course, a matter the company, certainly not from a financial person's handwriting, all I think we should have his facts straight. can not remember the original words, along the following lines: < br> evaluation of: the company does not offend the second is financial, the company's position in face of very general, but holds many of the company secrets, your every move in business activities have been recorded year-end evaluation of your promotion, the Finance Department can not ignore the bounds, if you inadvertently offend them, are likely to encounter in the time unexpected disaster, and they were not to be found hidden in the back.
Evaluation II : Do you have written is not standardized because the documents were returned to rewrite the financial experience again and again? in their eyes, standardization has become the main content of their work, the real purpose of the work but was ignored. you will understand why you are at work not smooth always felt it, one by one with the invisible hand in the way you all reasonable entanglement, most of your work energy loss of these independent departments run out.
there are other, can not remember clear, I see almost no paper had a positive evaluation of the financial.
Why? What conclusion from it?
a company's operations, the vast majority will be recorded by the financial sector, a sale the completion of the business, the business sector may only be done with nothing more than taking on the other playing contracts, orders, shipments, invoicing should be the financial sector operations. Finance Department is also the company most often and monitor implementation of the system, the Finance Department The importance of nature are different, but often overlooked veterans or other departments. In order to improve their own status, but also is to let everyone in the company recognizes the existence of finance, so the Finance Ministry and other departments, infighting is almost everywhere. said have an objective point of this struggle is not simply about who is going to stir up, no matter which department wants to reflect in the company itself important, but this is one way of office politics exist.
Therefore, as the financial people you have to understand their position in the company by the ability to enhance, not a boss or someone else holding up. If you're in the company attaches great importance to financial management position, you can very well make their own work , also do not even think about how great of course, thinks it is, to treat their subordinates with elitism, not looked down on other departments. Remember, we are all people who work in the company, only positions The level of inequality is not personality, but many people in the promotion soon after the change of mind, which of course is another topic of the.
course, there are more verbal comments from the people. We often hear, such as on buses, people often talk about how his company will say how to buckle the door of their accounting, travel expense card, bearing the matter, is the owner of a class miser friends, sometimes you will laugh However, Well everyone at different positions, and they do care about them, as they say. information, to understand the real situation of the company, especially someone of your true evaluation. Of course, everyone likes to hear positive and negative evaluation of you is the most important. you find from the negative evaluation their own problems and to improve and enhance? previously mentioned, one aspect of how to get along with others is really important.
people who are willing to criticize you, that you are very good in the company's popularity. Of course many people say in the company has no real friends, but without prejudice to the others reflect your leadership deficiencies, if the leadership can point out your shortcomings, that he also wanted you to stay here well.
therefore, be criticized even more terrifying than what evaluation can not, then you to the time of the leave.
Now, if you feel very isolated in the company, first look at their own introspection.
to establish good communication.
If you are a financial executive, you are communicating with subordinates is the basis of the status of you build sector, a sector, most of subordinates to complete the work, and many of the problems come from the subordinate feedback, you can resolve in time, under the confidence you have, willing to give you to ask questions, Do not put yourself because when the head of the whole into a loner. This is why the aforementioned able to teach new people the courage to work to subordinates important reasons.
with other departments to establish good communication. Finance departments have almost all the information the company is often a very confusing thing other departments may be well aware of the financial sector, but quite good at using the financial information available, some of them are in his right mind, but to a attitudes towards the observer. timely and pull people one, you will return.
understand what you say to others insisted that the financial system is the company's internal control system. because when some of the financial system in the implementation of a Vice hand imperial sword rack solipsism dominance, which is not desirable.
should dare to come forward to participate in the management. for the company's problems in the timely performance of the Finance Department is the best way to work. < br> I once went to the Inland Revenue Department meeting, sitting next to a very young boy chat with me, he is running the business, the company's accounting is not in his place at the meeting. He said that their accounting is very stubborn. because he lost travel to accommodation invoices, accounting did not give him lodging reimbursement. He asked bend the rules, but I could not. I laughed, I asked him: This is not a stubborn man, but the system only. Your company is a company set up longer, the accounting will explain to you Why do not reimburse you. because it is only established companies, who still run-in period, each communication to be improved, it may depend on the accounting and you have to say . a department of the Ministry, in the final executive vice president of leadership positions in the Ministry of Finance, Department of Statistics is also a parallel with the Finance Department. operating under the Ministry of pipe more than a dozen stores, is a vice president in charge with the Administration Department at the same level, the natural ratio of the Ministry of Finance high level. a monthly regular meeting, the Finance Ministry proposed to store sales and inventory inspection, because the computer systems of the account up with the stores reported total sales and inventory accounts differ, the store manager and sales department stores total about computer systems instability, unwilling to admit that the stock of the computer. hand account is too messy, since no investigation. it goes on there will be a big problem. noncommittal on this vice president of sales department, then to the Finance Ministry, General Manager of the Human stores to inventory, then I just move because of the relatively large be recruited into this company, as the main inspectors.
my hand in finishing off the table quickly found a store when the accounts of a mess, And according to my experience, not the manager will not be responsible for bookkeeping accounting, but remember correctly account deliberately. I asked her to correct, as she balances on move of the opening period when several local copy wrong. she should do this and I dispute that written down on such and then to cry. this debate, vice president of business immediately attracted the intervention of the vice president is shield their mistakes, I am in a rage, the top of the Her two lines: came only a few days, and I dare speak? I was vice president!
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines
Third, the treatment of prostate cancer
(a) wait for observation and treatment
waiting to see that the process of active monitoring of prostate cancer, in the event of disease progression or when the clinical symptoms to other treatment [1-7].
Wait observed treatment indications:
(1) low-risk prostate cancer (PSA 4 ~ l0ng/m1, GSl6, clinical stage lT2a) and short life expectancy of patients.
(2) in patients with advanced prostate cancer: only limited than for the treatment of complications associated with extended life and improved quality of life situation.
of clinically localized prostate cancer (T1 ~ 3, Nx or No, Mx, or Mo) suitable for radical treatment of patients who choose to wait observed treatment, patients must understand and accept the risk of local progression and metastasis.
observed in patients who are waiting for close follow-up every 3 months, referral, check the PSA, DRE, if necessary, shorten the time between referral and the impact of examination. For DRE, PSA examination and imaging studies may be considered for patients who progress in other treatment.
(b) of the radical surgical treatment of prostate cancer radical prostatectomy
(referred to as radical mastectomy) is the best treatment for localized prostate cancer effective way, there are three main surgical procedures, namely the traditional perineal, retropubic and the recent development of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
1. Indications for radical surgery may cure prostate cancer. surgical indication to consider the clinical stage, life expectancy and health status. Although surgery is no rigid age limits, but should inform patients, with age after 70 years of growth, morbidity and mortality will increase [8-l0]. < br> (1) clinical stage: adapt to limitations of prostate cancer, clinical stage Tl ~ T2c, the patients. for clinical T3, (cT3) of prostate cancer remains controversial, with advocates neoadjuvant therapy underwent radical surgery, can be lower positive margin rates [11-12].
(2) Life expectancy: Life expectancy g10 radical surgery in those who may choose to [13].
(3) Health: Prostate cancer patients were mostly elderly men , the incidence of complications is closely related with the physical condition. Therefore, only in good health, no serious heart and lung disease patients adapt to radical surgery.
(4) PSA or Gleason score of patients with high risk: For PSA> 20 or Gleason score> 8 patients with adenocarcinoma of the limitations in the forefront
stage and life expectancy of compliance with the above conditions, radical surgery may be given other supportive therapy [14-16].
2. surgical contraindications
(4) life expectancy less than 10 years.
3. surgical methods and standards for domestic recommend open retropubic radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
(1) retropubic radical prostatectomy: open surgical field, the operation simple, the same approach can be completed by the pelvic lymph node dissection, radical aim to achieve.
1) improved pelvic lymph node dissection: abdominal incision, en bloc resection of iliac artery, iliac vein in front of, behind and between the fibers of vascular tissue, down to the inguinal canal, then back to the obturator nerve. suspicious lymph node disease may be frozen section physical examination.
2) radical prostatectomy: Surgical removal of the prostate include the complete, bilateral seminal vesicles and vas deferens ampulla bilateral section of the bladder neck.
to preserve the neurological contraindication: tumor surgery neurovascular bundle may be invaded.
(2) laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a new technology developed in recent years, its efficacy and similar open surgery, the advantage is less damage, and the anatomy of the surgical field a clear structure, fewer intraoperative and postoperative complications, the disadvantage is more complex technical operations [17]. laparoscopic surgery with open surgical procedures and the scope.
4. surgical time when diagnosis of prostate cancer and in line with the radical operative conditions shall take radical surgery. It has been reported that transrectal biopsy should wait 6 to 8 weeks, may reduce the operative difficulties and complications. transurethral resection of the prostate should wait 12 weeks and then surgery [13].
5. perioperative complications present mortality rate of 0-2.1% of the main complications of severe intraoperative bleeding, rectal injury, postoperative erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, vesicourethral anastomotic stricture, urethral stricture, deep venous thrombosis, lymphocele, urinary fistula, pulmonary embolism. laparoscopic radical prostatectomy may also occur along the incision metastasis, switch to open surgery, air embolism, hypercapnia, secondary bleeding and other complications [18,19].
(c) of prostate cancer with radiotherapy (EBRT)
1. overview of radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients with good effect, wide indication, few complications, for each of the patients. early stage patients (T1 ~ 2NoMo) radical radiotherapy, local control rate and 10-year disease-free survival rates similar to radical prostatectomy. locally advanced prostate cancer (T3 ~ 4NoMo) to support the principles of radiotherapy treatment and endocrine therapy. metastases possible cancer palliative radiotherapy, to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life.
recent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and other technology is increasingly used in prostate cancer radiation treatment and become the mainstream
technology.
according to TNM stage, Gleason score, PSA level, age, radiation methods, radiation field size and dose is different, the side effects and efficacy are also different [20-24].
2. Prostate Cancer conventional external radiation therapy [20,26-31]
(1) define the scope of exposure: first determine the tumor volume, target volume and treatment volume. The specific method is through the patient fixation system, application MRI or CT images to determine the objectives and the scope of the surrounding normal tissue, and computer-aided treatment planning system to calculate the central surface of the tumor and surrounding normal tissue dose distribution.
(2) radiation dose: dose of local irradiation of prostate cancer were <55Gy, 55 ~ 60Gy, 60 ~ 65Gy ,60-70Gy and> 70Gy, the recurrence rates were 48%, 36%, 21%, 11% and 10% [25]. With the increasing radiation dose, the local recurrence rate was significantly lower.
( 3) irradiation technology: irradiation alone when the prostate and surrounding area with front and rear and both sides of the vast expanse of open field box irradiation technology. radiation field in the lower bound of the lower edge of the ischial tuberosity, lateral field, including rectal wall after the community. If the seminal vesicle, peripheral tissue invasion and lymph node metastasis to be the whole pelvis irradiation, in two steps: first with the whole pelvic radiation field around the two, the upper bound of the radiation field of a S1 L5 between the lower bound at the lower edge of the ischial tuberosity, both sides of the community in the true outer edge of the pelvis l ~ 2cm. conventional fractionated irradiation 5 times a week, each dose of 1.8 ~ 2.0Gy, total 45Gy. hyperfractionated radiation exposure to 2 times a day, each dose of 1.15 ~ L 3Gy. pelvis after radiotherapy range is further reduced exposure to the prostate area, reached a total of 65 ~ 80Gy. using alloy stereotype protection rectum, anal sphincter, small intestine, bladder, urethra [25].
3.3D-CRT and IMRT
(1) Overview : conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to minimize the advantages of the surrounding normal tissues and organs of the exposure, improving local tumor radiation dose and the target amount of radiation. to improve local tumor control rate and reduce complications. < br> IMRT is a new 3D-CRT technology expansion. thin spiral CT scan, draw the target and normal tissue in patients with the geometric model and create digitally reconstructed map, the higher the dose of external beam conformal level. target Fringe can be up to standard doses. IMRT allows radiation doses up to 81 ~ 86.4Gy, but the side effects of rectum and bladder did not increase [32].
(2) define the illuminated area: first determine the isocenter, Draw the skin tag line, the CT scans, and then three-dimensional anatomical image synthesis of visual images, the CT simulator simulated 3D radiation dose by the physician of.
(3) radiation dose analysis: tumor dose by dose - volume histogram (DVH) for evaluation. If a large tumor may be a new adjuvant endocrine therapy until the tumor volume was reduced further radiotherapy.
different stages of the required minimum dose: T1a, 64 ~ 66Gy; T1b ~ T2 ,66-70Gy; T3, 70 ~ 72Gy; T1-3, patients with incomplete resection, 66 ~ 70Gy; recurrence of prostate cancer, 70 ~ 72Gy; T4, 50 ~ 65Gy.
T1a of only Prostate irradiation without including the seminal vesicles. T1 ~ 3 on irradiation target volume should include the prostate, seminal vesicle and the surrounding 0.5 ~ 0.7cm wide organization. 50Gy radiation dose, may reduce the radiation target volume, only the irradiated prostate area. pelvic lymph nodes appear pelvic lymph node metastasis, suggested that exposure.
4. different stages of prostate cancer, external radiotherapy
(1) of radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer (T1 ~ 2NoMo): For low-risk (T1 ~ T2a, Gleason score l6 and PSA <10ng/m1) the efficacy of prostate cancer with radical prostatectomy, similar to [33]; in risk (T2b or Gleason score = 7 or PSA l0 ~ 20ng/m1) increased dose can increase patients without biochemical recurrence-free survival [34]. limited to high-risk (Gleason score> 7 or PSA> 20ng/m1) dose, while patients with improved application of adjuvant endocrine therapy may improve the outcome [35].
(2) locally advanced prostate cancer radiotherapy (T3 ~ 4No Mo, T1 ~ 4NlMo, pT3NoMo): locally advanced prostate cancer often associated with endocrine therapy combined with radiotherapy applications, the use of new adjuvant endocrine treatment or adjuvant endocrine therapy. external radiotherapy combined with hormonal therapy can significantly improve tumor control rates and survival [36-39]. positive surgical margin after radical radiotherapy in vitro aid, local tumor control rate reached 90% ~ 100%.
(3) metastatic prostate cancer radiotherapy: proliferation of prostate cancer or pelvic lymph node can lead to pelvic pain, constipation, leg swelling, such as ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis. for palliative radiotherapy, can significantly improve symptoms. of prostate cancer bone metastases with palliative radiotherapy to relieve pain and spinal cord compression.
5. radiotherapy complications in radiotherapy of prostate cancer may occur outside the urinary system and intestinal system side effects and sexual dysfunction. radiotherapy-induced side effects due to a single dose and total dose radiation exposure to the program and the volume varies.
urinary system side effects include: urethral stricture, bladder fistula, hemorrhagic cystitis, hematuria, urinary incontinence, etc.; gastrointestinal side effects include: transient colitis, proctitis caused by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rectal discomfort and rectal bleeding, small bowel obstruction, etc. require surgery sigmoid colon and small intestine of serious injury, perineal abscess, anal stenosis or chronic rectal bleeding of less than 1%. acute radiation skin side effects of erythema, dry skin and scaling, mainly in the perineal and buttock skin wrinkle fold Department. Other side effects include: pubic bone and soft tissue necrosis, lower limb, the scrotum or penis edema, the incidence rate of less than 1%. radiotherapy the incidence of sexual dysfunction after radical surgery than patients [40,41]. (d) prostate cancer brachytherapy
1. Overview of brachytherapy (brachytherapy), including intracavitary irradiation, interstitial irradiation, are the direct release of radioactive sources are sealed within the organization to be treated or release the body's natural cavity irradiation. brachytherapy for prostate cancer treatment, including short-term and permanent implantation particle implant treatment. which radioactive particles that is planted between the organization of treatment, more commonly used, with the aim of three-dimensional treatment planning system through the accurate positioning, radioactive seed implantation within the prostate to improve localized prostate dose, and reduce the radiation dose in rectum and bladder [42-47].
used permanent 125 iodine implant treatment particles (125I) and 103 palladium (103Pd), half-life of 60 days, respectively 17 days. short treatment used 192 Ir implantation (192Ir).
2. brachytherapy indications recommended reference to the U.S. Association of (American Brachytherapy Society, ABS) standard [48].
(1) meets the following 3 condition for the simple brachytherapy indications.
1) to Tl ~ T2a clinical stages of; 2) Gleason grade was 2 ~ 6;
3) PSA <10ng/ml.
( 2) comply with any of the following conditions brachytherapy plus external radiotherapy indications.
1) clinical stage T2b, T2c;
2) Gleason grade 8 ~ 10;
3) PSA> 20ng/ml;
4) peripheral nerve involvement;
5) more positive biopsy results;
6) bilateral biopsy result was positive;
7) MRI examination with prostate specific package extracellular violations.
first foreign scholars have suggested that the majority of re-radiation brachytherapy to reduce radiation complications [49].
(3) Gleason grade of 7 or PSA, should receive according to 10-20ng/m1 determine whether the specific circumstances of the joint external radiotherapy.
(4) brachytherapy (or combined external radiotherapy) combined with endocrine therapy indications: prostate volume> 60ml, feasible neoadjuvant endocrine therapy to shrink the prostate.
3. contraindications
(1) absolute contraindication
1) expected survival of less than 5 years;
2) TURP or poor prognosis after large defects;
3) generally poor;
4) had distant metastasis.
(2) relative contraindications
1) glands than 60ml;
2) with previous history of TURP;
3) highlight the middle;
4 ) severe diabetes;
5) history of multiple pelvic radiation therapy and surgery.
patients each particle dosimetry after planting should be assessed [46], usually with CT evaluation. Particle CT prematurely after planting Check edema and hemorrhage due to prostate and show increased prostate volume, this time to make a dose assessment will underestimate the doses to the prostate. It was suggested dose 4 weeks after planting to assess the most appropriate [50-51]. If you find a low-dose area should be replanted in time for the particles added; If you find a wide range of low-dose region, the line could be considered outside the radiation [45].
4. technology and standards of simple close-treated patients, 125I prescription dose 144Gy, 103Pd is 115 ~
120Gy; joint foreign radiotherapy, external radiotherapy dose of 40 ~ 50Gy, and the radiation dose 125I and 103Pd were adjusted to
100 ~ 110Gy and 80 ~ 90Gy.
lines all patients implant treatment particles before planting treatment plan should be developed, according to three-dimensional treatment planning system gives the desired dose distribution. usually first with the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to determine prostate volume, according to TRUS prostate contours depicted and the cross-section to develop treatment plans, including the planting of needle position, the particle number and activity. intraoperative TRUS should again be used to plan, according to the dose distribution curve particle placement, while the particle growing process should also use real-time transrectal ultrasound to guide the operation, are subject to change due to deviation of the needle implanted dose brought about changes in the distribution [52,53]. It should be noted that the prostate target volume prescription dose coverage should include the prostate and the surrounding 3-8mm range. So the prostate target volume is about 1.75 times the actual volume of the prostate [54,55].
5. complication complications including short-term complications and long-term complications. usually within a year is defined as short-term complications complications and complications occurring after the year is defined as the long-term complications [56]. These complications mainly related to the urinary tract, rectal and sexual function and so on.
short-term complications: urinary frequency, urgency and urinary pain and other urinary tract irritation, dysuria and nocturia increased [57-61]. stool frequency increased and rectal tenesmus and other irritation, proctitis (mild blood in the stool, ulcer and even prostate rectal fistula), etc. [62]. < br> Long-term complications in chronic urinary retention, urethral stricture, urinary incontinence is common.
short, brachytherapy for prostate cancer is the second radical prostatectomy and external radiotherapy after radical is expected for another method of localized prostate cancer , more effective, less invasive, especially suitable for radical prostatectomy can not tolerate the elderly patients with prostate cancer.
(e) the forefront of experimental local treatment of cancer, friends
local treatment of prostate cancer, in addition to radical prostatectomy surgery, external beam radiation and internal radiation close proven methods, etc., but also including: prostate cancer cryotherapy (cryo-surgical ablation of the prostate, CSAP), high intensity focused ultrasound (high-intensity focused ultrasound, HIFU) and organizations Radiofrequency ablation of tumor (radiofrequency interstitial tumour ablation, RITA) and other experimental topical treatment. and radical prostate surgery and radiotherapy compared with clinically localized prostate cancer, its treatment effect, but also the need for more clinical studies to assess the long-term and increase [63,64]. In this introduction, clinical reference purposes only.
1. prostate cancer cryotherapy (CSAP) CSAP is considered the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer can be considered. and radiotherapy compared The advantage is no radiation risk, lower rate of rectal injury, but the postoperative voiding dysfunction and a higher incidence of impotence [65].
CSAP to target frozen, with the guidance of TRUS in the prostate were 12 local home ~ 15 17G freezing probe (cry-oneedles), to more accurately and freeze and destroy prostate cancer, while the surrounding tissue is not affected. In addition, the urethral sphincter and bladder neck and other parts of the temperature sensors placed for temperature monitoring, and with a fine catheter into the urethra warm liquids to avoid hypothermia frostbite. cryotherapy for prostate cancer, the general need to make two TRUS-guided treatment of freeze-thaw cycle, the central part of the gland and neurovascular bundles parts of the temperature can be reduced to -40 ��, in order to ensure effective treatment of cancer [66-70].
(1) CSAP indications
1) localized prostate cancer: �� is not suitable for surgery or life expectancy <10 years of localized prostate cancer; �� serum PSA <20ng/m1; �� Gleason score <7; �� prostate volume l40ml, to ensure the effective freezing range. such as the prostate volume> 40ml, neoadjuvant endocrine treatment in advance so that glandular reduce the size.
2) palliative localized topical treatment and remedial treatment: can be used for prostate cancer metastasis has occurred palliative local treatment to control local tumor development, alleviate symptoms caused by [71], and prostate cancer chemotherapy, endocrine therapy after the remedial treatment [73,74].
(2) CSAP complications: CSAP common complications include erectile dysfunction, tissue loss, urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, urinary retention, rectal fistula, bladder outlet obstruction [73,74].
2. high intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer (HIFU) HIFU treatment is the use of piezoelectric crystal or other acoustic lens ultrasonic generator,
in vitro high-energy emission ultrasound, and ultrasonic energy in the body will focus on selected organs and tissues in the region [76]. have been reported in the literature on HIFU treatment of prostate cancer cases less than 1000 cases, there is no randomized controlled clinical study, the average follow-up time are less than 2 years [77-80]. the largest group in the study included 559 cases, low-risk prostate cancer patients, followed up for 6 months after the biopsy-negative patients 87.2%, PSA bottoming (mean 1.8ng/ml).
HIFU complications include urinary retention, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction.
3. radiofrequency ablation of tumor tissue within the tumor tissue ablation (RITA) is a direct stab needle electrodes were tumor location, device monitoring and control by radiofrequency ablation unit and computer control, the high-power RF energy transmitted through the electrodes to the tumor tissue ablation, the use of tumor tissue by conductive molecular ion and the polarization direction of radio frequency alternating current to make rapid changes, so that frictional heat tumor tissue itself. When temperature above 60 ��, the tumor tissue leads to irreversible coagulation necrosis, in order to achieve therapeutic purposes.
So far, only 3 small samples of I / �� clinical trial of the RITA and the feasibility of prostate cancer safety [81-83], preliminary results showed a therapeutic effect on prostate cancer.
(f)
endocrine therapy of prostate cancer as early as 1941, Huggins and Hodges discovered surgical castration and estrogen may delay the the progress of metastatic prostate cancer and prostate cancer for the first time confirmed the removal of androgen responsiveness. prostatic cells in the absence of androgen stimulation will occur under conditions of apoptosis. any inhibitory activity in the treatment of androgen may be called for the removal of androgen therapy. androgen removal, mainly through the following strategies: �� suppression of testosterone secretion: surgical castration or medical castration (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue, LHRH-A); �� androgen receptor blocking combination: drugs with anti-competitive closed androgen androgen androgen receptor and prostate cell binding. their combination can achieve the purpose of maximum androgen blockade. Other strategies include inhibiting the synthesis of adrenal source of androgen, and the inhibition such as testosterone into DHT.
endocrine therapy aims to reduce androgen levels, inhibit the synthesis of adrenal source of androgen, inhibit the testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, or blocking androgen binding to its receptor to suppress or control the growth of prostate cancer cells.
endocrine treatment methods include: �� castration; �� maximum androgen blockade; �� intermittent endocrine therapy; �� radical treatment neoadjuvant endocrine therapy; �� adjuvant endocrine therapy.
1. indications [84]
1) metastatic prostate cancer, including the N1 and M1 of (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy).
2) Limitations or early prostate cancer locally advanced prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy can not or radiation therapy (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy).
3) radical prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy prior to (castration, maximum androgen resistance
off).
4) with radiation therapy adjuvant endocrine therapy (castration, maximum androgen blockade).
5) local recurrence after curative treatment , but not further local treatment (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy).
6) distant metastases after curative treatment (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy) .
7) of androgen-independent continuous androgen suppression (castration).
2. castration (Castration)
(1) surgical castration: surgical castration testosterone can quickly and continued to decline to very low levels (castration level). The main adverse reaction is the psychological impact on patients.
(2) medical castration: luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-a) is a synthetic luteinizing releasing hormone,
the products listed are: leuprolide (Leuprorelin), goserelin (goserelin), triptorelin (in ptorelin). After the injection of LHRH-a, testosterone gradually increased, at 1 week reached its highest point (a transient increase testosterone), and then gradually decreased to 3 to 4 weeks to reach castration levels [85], but 10% of patients can not reach castration levels of testosterone [3] . LHRH-a has become the standard treatment for androgen removal of one of the methods.
the initial injection of LHRH-a when a transient increase of testosterone, so the beginning of the day should be given the injection of anti-androgen drugs for two weeks, against a transient increase of testosterone caused by the exacerbation (Flare-up) [87]. for spinal cord compression have been suffering from bone metastases
, should be used with caution LHRH-a, may choose to quickly lower the testosterone level of surgical castration.
(3) estrogen: estrogen effects in prostate mechanisms include: reduced LHRH secretion, inhibit androgen activity, direct inhibition of testicular Leydig cell function, as well as direct toxicity of prostate cells [88]. < br> The most common estrogen is diethylstilbestrol. oral diethylstilbestrol lmg, 3mg, or 5mg / day, can achieve the same effect as castration, but the cardiovascular adverse events was significantly increased. Despite the low dose of diethylstilbestrol (such as lmg / day), and also the application of low-dose warfarin (1mg / day), or low-dose aspirin (75 ~ 100mg / day) prevention, cardiovascular adverse events is still high [89], therefore, should be cautious in the application. Estrogen is one of the classic endocrine therapy.
surgical castration, medical castration or estrogen therapy, the patient survival rate of tumor progression-free survival rate is basically the same.
3 . maximum androgen blockade (maximal androgen blockade, MAB)
(1) Purpose: to remove or block both testicular and adrenal sources of androgen source.
(2) Method: The method used to potential plus anti-androgen drugs. anti-androgen drugs are two major categories: one is steroids, the representative of megestrol acetate; another non-steroidal drugs, mainly bicalutamide (Bicalutamide) and flutamide (Flutamide).
(3) Results: Combined non-steroidal anti-androgen drugs androgen MAB method, compared with castration alone prolong overall survival of 3 to 6 months, the average 5-year survival rate of 2.9% [90], for localized prostate cancer, the longer the application of MAB therapy, PSA recurrence rate is lower [91]. The MAB Bicalutamide combination therapy, compared with castration alone can reduce the risk of death 20%, and may be extended progression-free survival [92].
4. radical neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (neoadjuvant hormornal therapy, NHT)
(1) Objective: Radical prostatectomy before patients with prostate cancer endocrine therapy for some time to reduce the tumor volume, lower clinical stage, lower rates of prostate tumor positive surgical margin, and thus extend the survival rate.
(2) Methods: LHRH-a and anti-androgen The MAB method, also can be used alone LHRH-a, anti-androgen drugs or estradiol nitrogen mustard, but the efficacy of MAB method is more reliable. 3 to 9 months.
(3) Results: Neoadjuvant treatment may reduce the clinical stage [93], can reduce prostate cancer-positive surgical margin rate of [94-98], reduce the local recurrence rate [93], longer than 3 months of treatment may be extended for PSA recurrence-free survival [99], and the role of overall survival to be longer follow-up. neoadjuvant therapy did not reduce the lymph nodes and seminal vesicle invasion [97].
5. intermittent hormonal therapy (intermittent hormonal therapy, IHT) in the absence or low levels of androgens state, the survival of prostate cancer cells to androgen through additional access to anti-apoptotic potential and continue to grow, thereby prolonging the progression to androgen-dependence of the time [100]. IHT's benefits include improved patient quality of life may be prolonged androgen dependent time, there may be a survival advantage, reducing the cost of treatment [101]. IHT from clinical studies indicate that during the treatment significantly improved the quality of life of patients, such as sexual desire recovery. enable tumor cells to prolonged androgen dependent, while the disease progress or survival time is a big negative impact. IHT is more suitable for localized foci of infection and local recurrence after treatment [102-108].
(1) IHT treatment modalities: multiple use of MAB method, also used medical castration (LHRH -a), such as Goserelin, Leuprolide, and Buserelin, or steroid cyproterone acetate (CPA) [102-108].
(2) IHT stop treatment standards: various reports vary, recommended stopping the domestic PSAl0.2ng/ml drug standards, the continued 3-6 months [108].
(3) intermittent treatment restarted after the standard treatment: different reports has yet to reach a unified standard. different as reported in the literature : PSA> 4ng/m1 after; PSA rose to 10 ~ 20ng/m1 time; PSA ~ 20ng/m1 after; PSA level before treatment, rose 1 / 2; currently recommended when PSA ~ 4ng/m1 begin a new round of treatment [108].
(4) IHT indications: limitations of prostate cancer, not radical surgery or radiotherapy; patients with locally advanced (T3 ~ T4 period); positive margin after radical pathology; radical surgery or radiotherapy relapse.
(5) IHT's significance and potential risks are likely to remain hormone dependent prostate cancer cells, retard the progress of prostate cancer cells to a non-hormone dependent of the time, which may prolong survival of patients.
treatment Potential risks: whether to accelerate the androgen-dependent development of non-hormone dependent; in the treatment of intermittent progress of the lesions whether [108,109].
6. adjuvant endocrine treatment of prostate cancer (adjuvant thormonal therapy, AHT) AHT
prostate cancer is radical resection or radical radiotherapy [110], combined with endocrine therapy. the purpose of cutting edge treatment of residual disease, residual positive lymph nodes, small metastases and improve the long-term survival.
7, PSA> 20ng/ml) [111.112].
4) limitations of risk factors associated with prostate cancer (Gleason ~ 7, PSA ~ 20ng/m1), radical radiotherapy AHT.
5) locally advanced prostate cancer after radiotherapy AHT.
(2) method [112-115]
1) maximum androgen blockade (MAB).
2) medical castration 3) anti-androgen (anti-androgens): including steroidal and non-steroidal.
4) surgical castration
(3) timing: most advocates began immediately after surgery or radiotherapy [116 -119].
Overall, AHT treatment mainly for positive margins, pT3, pN + and lpT2 of patients with risk factors, the majority reported in the literature can delay time to disease progression, but can improve the survival rate is no unanimous conclusion . the choice of treatment time and the time limit should be considered in patients with pathological stage, treatment side effects and costs, is still ...
(a) wait for observation and treatment
waiting to see that the process of active monitoring of prostate cancer, in the event of disease progression or when the clinical symptoms to other treatment [1-7].
Wait observed treatment indications:
(1) low-risk prostate cancer (PSA 4 ~ l0ng/m1, GSl6, clinical stage lT2a) and short life expectancy of patients.
(2) in patients with advanced prostate cancer: only limited than for the treatment of complications associated with extended life and improved quality of life situation.
of clinically localized prostate cancer (T1 ~ 3, Nx or No, Mx, or Mo) suitable for radical treatment of patients who choose to wait observed treatment, patients must understand and accept the risk of local progression and metastasis.
observed in patients who are waiting for close follow-up every 3 months, referral, check the PSA, DRE, if necessary, shorten the time between referral and the impact of examination. For DRE, PSA examination and imaging studies may be considered for patients who progress in other treatment.
(b) of the radical surgical treatment of prostate cancer radical prostatectomy
(referred to as radical mastectomy) is the best treatment for localized prostate cancer effective way, there are three main surgical procedures, namely the traditional perineal, retropubic and the recent development of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
1. Indications for radical surgery may cure prostate cancer. surgical indication to consider the clinical stage, life expectancy and health status. Although surgery is no rigid age limits, but should inform patients, with age after 70 years of growth, morbidity and mortality will increase [8-l0]. < br> (1) clinical stage: adapt to limitations of prostate cancer, clinical stage Tl ~ T2c, the patients. for clinical T3, (cT3) of prostate cancer remains controversial, with advocates neoadjuvant therapy underwent radical surgery, can be lower positive margin rates [11-12].
(2) Life expectancy: Life expectancy g10 radical surgery in those who may choose to [13].
(3) Health: Prostate cancer patients were mostly elderly men , the incidence of complications is closely related with the physical condition. Therefore, only in good health, no serious heart and lung disease patients adapt to radical surgery.
(4) PSA or Gleason score of patients with high risk: For PSA> 20 or Gleason score> 8 patients with adenocarcinoma of the limitations in the forefront
stage and life expectancy of compliance with the above conditions, radical surgery may be given other supportive therapy [14-16].
2. surgical contraindications
(4) life expectancy less than 10 years.
3. surgical methods and standards for domestic recommend open retropubic radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
(1) retropubic radical prostatectomy: open surgical field, the operation simple, the same approach can be completed by the pelvic lymph node dissection, radical aim to achieve.
1) improved pelvic lymph node dissection: abdominal incision, en bloc resection of iliac artery, iliac vein in front of, behind and between the fibers of vascular tissue, down to the inguinal canal, then back to the obturator nerve. suspicious lymph node disease may be frozen section physical examination.
2) radical prostatectomy: Surgical removal of the prostate include the complete, bilateral seminal vesicles and vas deferens ampulla bilateral section of the bladder neck.
to preserve the neurological contraindication: tumor surgery neurovascular bundle may be invaded.
(2) laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a new technology developed in recent years, its efficacy and similar open surgery, the advantage is less damage, and the anatomy of the surgical field a clear structure, fewer intraoperative and postoperative complications, the disadvantage is more complex technical operations [17]. laparoscopic surgery with open surgical procedures and the scope.
4. surgical time when diagnosis of prostate cancer and in line with the radical operative conditions shall take radical surgery. It has been reported that transrectal biopsy should wait 6 to 8 weeks, may reduce the operative difficulties and complications. transurethral resection of the prostate should wait 12 weeks and then surgery [13].
5. perioperative complications present mortality rate of 0-2.1% of the main complications of severe intraoperative bleeding, rectal injury, postoperative erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, vesicourethral anastomotic stricture, urethral stricture, deep venous thrombosis, lymphocele, urinary fistula, pulmonary embolism. laparoscopic radical prostatectomy may also occur along the incision metastasis, switch to open surgery, air embolism, hypercapnia, secondary bleeding and other complications [18,19].
(c) of prostate cancer with radiotherapy (EBRT)
1. overview of radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients with good effect, wide indication, few complications, for each of the patients. early stage patients (T1 ~ 2NoMo) radical radiotherapy, local control rate and 10-year disease-free survival rates similar to radical prostatectomy. locally advanced prostate cancer (T3 ~ 4NoMo) to support the principles of radiotherapy treatment and endocrine therapy. metastases possible cancer palliative radiotherapy, to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life.
recent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and other technology is increasingly used in prostate cancer radiation treatment and become the mainstream
technology.
according to TNM stage, Gleason score, PSA level, age, radiation methods, radiation field size and dose is different, the side effects and efficacy are also different [20-24].
2. Prostate Cancer conventional external radiation therapy [20,26-31]
(1) define the scope of exposure: first determine the tumor volume, target volume and treatment volume. The specific method is through the patient fixation system, application MRI or CT images to determine the objectives and the scope of the surrounding normal tissue, and computer-aided treatment planning system to calculate the central surface of the tumor and surrounding normal tissue dose distribution.
(2) radiation dose: dose of local irradiation of prostate cancer were <55Gy, 55 ~ 60Gy, 60 ~ 65Gy ,60-70Gy and> 70Gy, the recurrence rates were 48%, 36%, 21%, 11% and 10% [25]. With the increasing radiation dose, the local recurrence rate was significantly lower.
( 3) irradiation technology: irradiation alone when the prostate and surrounding area with front and rear and both sides of the vast expanse of open field box irradiation technology. radiation field in the lower bound of the lower edge of the ischial tuberosity, lateral field, including rectal wall after the community. If the seminal vesicle, peripheral tissue invasion and lymph node metastasis to be the whole pelvis irradiation, in two steps: first with the whole pelvic radiation field around the two, the upper bound of the radiation field of a S1 L5 between the lower bound at the lower edge of the ischial tuberosity, both sides of the community in the true outer edge of the pelvis l ~ 2cm. conventional fractionated irradiation 5 times a week, each dose of 1.8 ~ 2.0Gy, total 45Gy. hyperfractionated radiation exposure to 2 times a day, each dose of 1.15 ~ L 3Gy. pelvis after radiotherapy range is further reduced exposure to the prostate area, reached a total of 65 ~ 80Gy. using alloy stereotype protection rectum, anal sphincter, small intestine, bladder, urethra [25].
3.3D-CRT and IMRT
(1) Overview : conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to minimize the advantages of the surrounding normal tissues and organs of the exposure, improving local tumor radiation dose and the target amount of radiation. to improve local tumor control rate and reduce complications. < br> IMRT is a new 3D-CRT technology expansion. thin spiral CT scan, draw the target and normal tissue in patients with the geometric model and create digitally reconstructed map, the higher the dose of external beam conformal level. target Fringe can be up to standard doses. IMRT allows radiation doses up to 81 ~ 86.4Gy, but the side effects of rectum and bladder did not increase [32].
(2) define the illuminated area: first determine the isocenter, Draw the skin tag line, the CT scans, and then three-dimensional anatomical image synthesis of visual images, the CT simulator simulated 3D radiation dose by the physician of.
(3) radiation dose analysis: tumor dose by dose - volume histogram (DVH) for evaluation. If a large tumor may be a new adjuvant endocrine therapy until the tumor volume was reduced further radiotherapy.
different stages of the required minimum dose: T1a, 64 ~ 66Gy; T1b ~ T2 ,66-70Gy; T3, 70 ~ 72Gy; T1-3, patients with incomplete resection, 66 ~ 70Gy; recurrence of prostate cancer, 70 ~ 72Gy; T4, 50 ~ 65Gy.
T1a of only Prostate irradiation without including the seminal vesicles. T1 ~ 3 on irradiation target volume should include the prostate, seminal vesicle and the surrounding 0.5 ~ 0.7cm wide organization. 50Gy radiation dose, may reduce the radiation target volume, only the irradiated prostate area. pelvic lymph nodes appear pelvic lymph node metastasis, suggested that exposure.
4. different stages of prostate cancer, external radiotherapy
(1) of radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer (T1 ~ 2NoMo): For low-risk (T1 ~ T2a, Gleason score l6 and PSA <10ng/m1) the efficacy of prostate cancer with radical prostatectomy, similar to [33]; in risk (T2b or Gleason score = 7 or PSA l0 ~ 20ng/m1) increased dose can increase patients without biochemical recurrence-free survival [34]. limited to high-risk (Gleason score> 7 or PSA> 20ng/m1) dose, while patients with improved application of adjuvant endocrine therapy may improve the outcome [35].
(2) locally advanced prostate cancer radiotherapy (T3 ~ 4No Mo, T1 ~ 4NlMo, pT3NoMo): locally advanced prostate cancer often associated with endocrine therapy combined with radiotherapy applications, the use of new adjuvant endocrine treatment or adjuvant endocrine therapy. external radiotherapy combined with hormonal therapy can significantly improve tumor control rates and survival [36-39]. positive surgical margin after radical radiotherapy in vitro aid, local tumor control rate reached 90% ~ 100%.
(3) metastatic prostate cancer radiotherapy: proliferation of prostate cancer or pelvic lymph node can lead to pelvic pain, constipation, leg swelling, such as ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis. for palliative radiotherapy, can significantly improve symptoms. of prostate cancer bone metastases with palliative radiotherapy to relieve pain and spinal cord compression.
5. radiotherapy complications in radiotherapy of prostate cancer may occur outside the urinary system and intestinal system side effects and sexual dysfunction. radiotherapy-induced side effects due to a single dose and total dose radiation exposure to the program and the volume varies.
urinary system side effects include: urethral stricture, bladder fistula, hemorrhagic cystitis, hematuria, urinary incontinence, etc.; gastrointestinal side effects include: transient colitis, proctitis caused by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rectal discomfort and rectal bleeding, small bowel obstruction, etc. require surgery sigmoid colon and small intestine of serious injury, perineal abscess, anal stenosis or chronic rectal bleeding of less than 1%. acute radiation skin side effects of erythema, dry skin and scaling, mainly in the perineal and buttock skin wrinkle fold Department. Other side effects include: pubic bone and soft tissue necrosis, lower limb, the scrotum or penis edema, the incidence rate of less than 1%. radiotherapy the incidence of sexual dysfunction after radical surgery than patients [40,41]. (d) prostate cancer brachytherapy
1. Overview of brachytherapy (brachytherapy), including intracavitary irradiation, interstitial irradiation, are the direct release of radioactive sources are sealed within the organization to be treated or release the body's natural cavity irradiation. brachytherapy for prostate cancer treatment, including short-term and permanent implantation particle implant treatment. which radioactive particles that is planted between the organization of treatment, more commonly used, with the aim of three-dimensional treatment planning system through the accurate positioning, radioactive seed implantation within the prostate to improve localized prostate dose, and reduce the radiation dose in rectum and bladder [42-47].
used permanent 125 iodine implant treatment particles (125I) and 103 palladium (103Pd), half-life of 60 days, respectively 17 days. short treatment used 192 Ir implantation (192Ir).
2. brachytherapy indications recommended reference to the U.S. Association of (American Brachytherapy Society, ABS) standard [48].
(1) meets the following 3 condition for the simple brachytherapy indications.
1) to Tl ~ T2a clinical stages of; 2) Gleason grade was 2 ~ 6;
3) PSA <10ng/ml.
( 2) comply with any of the following conditions brachytherapy plus external radiotherapy indications.
1) clinical stage T2b, T2c;
2) Gleason grade 8 ~ 10;
3) PSA> 20ng/ml;
4) peripheral nerve involvement;
5) more positive biopsy results;
6) bilateral biopsy result was positive;
7) MRI examination with prostate specific package extracellular violations.
first foreign scholars have suggested that the majority of re-radiation brachytherapy to reduce radiation complications [49].
(3) Gleason grade of 7 or PSA, should receive according to 10-20ng/m1 determine whether the specific circumstances of the joint external radiotherapy.
(4) brachytherapy (or combined external radiotherapy) combined with endocrine therapy indications: prostate volume> 60ml, feasible neoadjuvant endocrine therapy to shrink the prostate.
3. contraindications
(1) absolute contraindication
1) expected survival of less than 5 years;
2) TURP or poor prognosis after large defects;
3) generally poor;
4) had distant metastasis.
(2) relative contraindications
1) glands than 60ml;
2) with previous history of TURP;
3) highlight the middle;
4 ) severe diabetes;
5) history of multiple pelvic radiation therapy and surgery.
patients each particle dosimetry after planting should be assessed [46], usually with CT evaluation. Particle CT prematurely after planting Check edema and hemorrhage due to prostate and show increased prostate volume, this time to make a dose assessment will underestimate the doses to the prostate. It was suggested dose 4 weeks after planting to assess the most appropriate [50-51]. If you find a low-dose area should be replanted in time for the particles added; If you find a wide range of low-dose region, the line could be considered outside the radiation [45].
4. technology and standards of simple close-treated patients, 125I prescription dose 144Gy, 103Pd is 115 ~
120Gy; joint foreign radiotherapy, external radiotherapy dose of 40 ~ 50Gy, and the radiation dose 125I and 103Pd were adjusted to
100 ~ 110Gy and 80 ~ 90Gy.
lines all patients implant treatment particles before planting treatment plan should be developed, according to three-dimensional treatment planning system gives the desired dose distribution. usually first with the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to determine prostate volume, according to TRUS prostate contours depicted and the cross-section to develop treatment plans, including the planting of needle position, the particle number and activity. intraoperative TRUS should again be used to plan, according to the dose distribution curve particle placement, while the particle growing process should also use real-time transrectal ultrasound to guide the operation, are subject to change due to deviation of the needle implanted dose brought about changes in the distribution [52,53]. It should be noted that the prostate target volume prescription dose coverage should include the prostate and the surrounding 3-8mm range. So the prostate target volume is about 1.75 times the actual volume of the prostate [54,55].
5. complication complications including short-term complications and long-term complications. usually within a year is defined as short-term complications complications and complications occurring after the year is defined as the long-term complications [56]. These complications mainly related to the urinary tract, rectal and sexual function and so on.
short-term complications: urinary frequency, urgency and urinary pain and other urinary tract irritation, dysuria and nocturia increased [57-61]. stool frequency increased and rectal tenesmus and other irritation, proctitis (mild blood in the stool, ulcer and even prostate rectal fistula), etc. [62]. < br> Long-term complications in chronic urinary retention, urethral stricture, urinary incontinence is common.
short, brachytherapy for prostate cancer is the second radical prostatectomy and external radiotherapy after radical is expected for another method of localized prostate cancer , more effective, less invasive, especially suitable for radical prostatectomy can not tolerate the elderly patients with prostate cancer.
(e) the forefront of experimental local treatment of cancer, friends
local treatment of prostate cancer, in addition to radical prostatectomy surgery, external beam radiation and internal radiation close proven methods, etc., but also including: prostate cancer cryotherapy (cryo-surgical ablation of the prostate, CSAP), high intensity focused ultrasound (high-intensity focused ultrasound, HIFU) and organizations Radiofrequency ablation of tumor (radiofrequency interstitial tumour ablation, RITA) and other experimental topical treatment. and radical prostate surgery and radiotherapy compared with clinically localized prostate cancer, its treatment effect, but also the need for more clinical studies to assess the long-term and increase [63,64]. In this introduction, clinical reference purposes only.
1. prostate cancer cryotherapy (CSAP) CSAP is considered the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer can be considered. and radiotherapy compared The advantage is no radiation risk, lower rate of rectal injury, but the postoperative voiding dysfunction and a higher incidence of impotence [65].
CSAP to target frozen, with the guidance of TRUS in the prostate were 12 local home ~ 15 17G freezing probe (cry-oneedles), to more accurately and freeze and destroy prostate cancer, while the surrounding tissue is not affected. In addition, the urethral sphincter and bladder neck and other parts of the temperature sensors placed for temperature monitoring, and with a fine catheter into the urethra warm liquids to avoid hypothermia frostbite. cryotherapy for prostate cancer, the general need to make two TRUS-guided treatment of freeze-thaw cycle, the central part of the gland and neurovascular bundles parts of the temperature can be reduced to -40 ��, in order to ensure effective treatment of cancer [66-70].
(1) CSAP indications
1) localized prostate cancer: �� is not suitable for surgery or life expectancy <10 years of localized prostate cancer; �� serum PSA <20ng/m1; �� Gleason score <7; �� prostate volume l40ml, to ensure the effective freezing range. such as the prostate volume> 40ml, neoadjuvant endocrine treatment in advance so that glandular reduce the size.
2) palliative localized topical treatment and remedial treatment: can be used for prostate cancer metastasis has occurred palliative local treatment to control local tumor development, alleviate symptoms caused by [71], and prostate cancer chemotherapy, endocrine therapy after the remedial treatment [73,74].
(2) CSAP complications: CSAP common complications include erectile dysfunction, tissue loss, urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, urinary retention, rectal fistula, bladder outlet obstruction [73,74].
2. high intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer (HIFU) HIFU treatment is the use of piezoelectric crystal or other acoustic lens ultrasonic generator,
in vitro high-energy emission ultrasound, and ultrasonic energy in the body will focus on selected organs and tissues in the region [76]. have been reported in the literature on HIFU treatment of prostate cancer cases less than 1000 cases, there is no randomized controlled clinical study, the average follow-up time are less than 2 years [77-80]. the largest group in the study included 559 cases, low-risk prostate cancer patients, followed up for 6 months after the biopsy-negative patients 87.2%, PSA bottoming (mean 1.8ng/ml).
HIFU complications include urinary retention, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction.
3. radiofrequency ablation of tumor tissue within the tumor tissue ablation (RITA) is a direct stab needle electrodes were tumor location, device monitoring and control by radiofrequency ablation unit and computer control, the high-power RF energy transmitted through the electrodes to the tumor tissue ablation, the use of tumor tissue by conductive molecular ion and the polarization direction of radio frequency alternating current to make rapid changes, so that frictional heat tumor tissue itself. When temperature above 60 ��, the tumor tissue leads to irreversible coagulation necrosis, in order to achieve therapeutic purposes.
So far, only 3 small samples of I / �� clinical trial of the RITA and the feasibility of prostate cancer safety [81-83], preliminary results showed a therapeutic effect on prostate cancer.
(f)
endocrine therapy of prostate cancer as early as 1941, Huggins and Hodges discovered surgical castration and estrogen may delay the the progress of metastatic prostate cancer and prostate cancer for the first time confirmed the removal of androgen responsiveness. prostatic cells in the absence of androgen stimulation will occur under conditions of apoptosis. any inhibitory activity in the treatment of androgen may be called for the removal of androgen therapy. androgen removal, mainly through the following strategies: �� suppression of testosterone secretion: surgical castration or medical castration (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue, LHRH-A); �� androgen receptor blocking combination: drugs with anti-competitive closed androgen androgen androgen receptor and prostate cell binding. their combination can achieve the purpose of maximum androgen blockade. Other strategies include inhibiting the synthesis of adrenal source of androgen, and the inhibition such as testosterone into DHT.
endocrine therapy aims to reduce androgen levels, inhibit the synthesis of adrenal source of androgen, inhibit the testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, or blocking androgen binding to its receptor to suppress or control the growth of prostate cancer cells.
endocrine treatment methods include: �� castration; �� maximum androgen blockade; �� intermittent endocrine therapy; �� radical treatment neoadjuvant endocrine therapy; �� adjuvant endocrine therapy.
1. indications [84]
1) metastatic prostate cancer, including the N1 and M1 of (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy).
2) Limitations or early prostate cancer locally advanced prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy can not or radiation therapy (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy).
3) radical prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy prior to (castration, maximum androgen resistance
off).
4) with radiation therapy adjuvant endocrine therapy (castration, maximum androgen blockade).
5) local recurrence after curative treatment , but not further local treatment (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy).
6) distant metastases after curative treatment (castration, maximum androgen blockade, intermittent hormonal therapy) .
7) of androgen-independent continuous androgen suppression (castration).
2. castration (Castration)
(1) surgical castration: surgical castration testosterone can quickly and continued to decline to very low levels (castration level). The main adverse reaction is the psychological impact on patients.
(2) medical castration: luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-a) is a synthetic luteinizing releasing hormone,
the products listed are: leuprolide (Leuprorelin), goserelin (goserelin), triptorelin (in ptorelin). After the injection of LHRH-a, testosterone gradually increased, at 1 week reached its highest point (a transient increase testosterone), and then gradually decreased to 3 to 4 weeks to reach castration levels [85], but 10% of patients can not reach castration levels of testosterone [3] . LHRH-a has become the standard treatment for androgen removal of one of the methods.
the initial injection of LHRH-a when a transient increase of testosterone, so the beginning of the day should be given the injection of anti-androgen drugs for two weeks, against a transient increase of testosterone caused by the exacerbation (Flare-up) [87]. for spinal cord compression have been suffering from bone metastases
, should be used with caution LHRH-a, may choose to quickly lower the testosterone level of surgical castration.
(3) estrogen: estrogen effects in prostate mechanisms include: reduced LHRH secretion, inhibit androgen activity, direct inhibition of testicular Leydig cell function, as well as direct toxicity of prostate cells [88]. < br> The most common estrogen is diethylstilbestrol. oral diethylstilbestrol lmg, 3mg, or 5mg / day, can achieve the same effect as castration, but the cardiovascular adverse events was significantly increased. Despite the low dose of diethylstilbestrol (such as lmg / day), and also the application of low-dose warfarin (1mg / day), or low-dose aspirin (75 ~ 100mg / day) prevention, cardiovascular adverse events is still high [89], therefore, should be cautious in the application. Estrogen is one of the classic endocrine therapy.
surgical castration, medical castration or estrogen therapy, the patient survival rate of tumor progression-free survival rate is basically the same.
3 . maximum androgen blockade (maximal androgen blockade, MAB)
(1) Purpose: to remove or block both testicular and adrenal sources of androgen source.
(2) Method: The method used to potential plus anti-androgen drugs. anti-androgen drugs are two major categories: one is steroids, the representative of megestrol acetate; another non-steroidal drugs, mainly bicalutamide (Bicalutamide) and flutamide (Flutamide).
(3) Results: Combined non-steroidal anti-androgen drugs androgen MAB method, compared with castration alone prolong overall survival of 3 to 6 months, the average 5-year survival rate of 2.9% [90], for localized prostate cancer, the longer the application of MAB therapy, PSA recurrence rate is lower [91]. The MAB Bicalutamide combination therapy, compared with castration alone can reduce the risk of death 20%, and may be extended progression-free survival [92].
4. radical neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (neoadjuvant hormornal therapy, NHT)
(1) Objective: Radical prostatectomy before patients with prostate cancer endocrine therapy for some time to reduce the tumor volume, lower clinical stage, lower rates of prostate tumor positive surgical margin, and thus extend the survival rate.
(2) Methods: LHRH-a and anti-androgen The MAB method, also can be used alone LHRH-a, anti-androgen drugs or estradiol nitrogen mustard, but the efficacy of MAB method is more reliable. 3 to 9 months.
(3) Results: Neoadjuvant treatment may reduce the clinical stage [93], can reduce prostate cancer-positive surgical margin rate of [94-98], reduce the local recurrence rate [93], longer than 3 months of treatment may be extended for PSA recurrence-free survival [99], and the role of overall survival to be longer follow-up. neoadjuvant therapy did not reduce the lymph nodes and seminal vesicle invasion [97].
5. intermittent hormonal therapy (intermittent hormonal therapy, IHT) in the absence or low levels of androgens state, the survival of prostate cancer cells to androgen through additional access to anti-apoptotic potential and continue to grow, thereby prolonging the progression to androgen-dependence of the time [100]. IHT's benefits include improved patient quality of life may be prolonged androgen dependent time, there may be a survival advantage, reducing the cost of treatment [101]. IHT from clinical studies indicate that during the treatment significantly improved the quality of life of patients, such as sexual desire recovery. enable tumor cells to prolonged androgen dependent, while the disease progress or survival time is a big negative impact. IHT is more suitable for localized foci of infection and local recurrence after treatment [102-108].
(1) IHT treatment modalities: multiple use of MAB method, also used medical castration (LHRH -a), such as Goserelin, Leuprolide, and Buserelin, or steroid cyproterone acetate (CPA) [102-108].
(2) IHT stop treatment standards: various reports vary, recommended stopping the domestic PSAl0.2ng/ml drug standards, the continued 3-6 months [108].
(3) intermittent treatment restarted after the standard treatment: different reports has yet to reach a unified standard. different as reported in the literature : PSA> 4ng/m1 after; PSA rose to 10 ~ 20ng/m1 time; PSA ~ 20ng/m1 after; PSA level before treatment, rose 1 / 2; currently recommended when PSA ~ 4ng/m1 begin a new round of treatment [108].
(4) IHT indications: limitations of prostate cancer, not radical surgery or radiotherapy; patients with locally advanced (T3 ~ T4 period); positive margin after radical pathology; radical surgery or radiotherapy relapse.
(5) IHT's significance and potential risks are likely to remain hormone dependent prostate cancer cells, retard the progress of prostate cancer cells to a non-hormone dependent of the time, which may prolong survival of patients.
treatment Potential risks: whether to accelerate the androgen-dependent development of non-hormone dependent; in the treatment of intermittent progress of the lesions whether [108,109].
6. adjuvant endocrine treatment of prostate cancer (adjuvant thormonal therapy, AHT) AHT
prostate cancer is radical resection or radical radiotherapy [110], combined with endocrine therapy. the purpose of cutting edge treatment of residual disease, residual positive lymph nodes, small metastases and improve the long-term survival.
7, PSA> 20ng/ml) [111.112].
4) limitations of risk factors associated with prostate cancer (Gleason ~ 7, PSA ~ 20ng/m1), radical radiotherapy AHT.
5) locally advanced prostate cancer after radiotherapy AHT.
(2) method [112-115]
1) maximum androgen blockade (MAB).
2) medical castration 3) anti-androgen (anti-androgens): including steroidal and non-steroidal.
4) surgical castration
(3) timing: most advocates began immediately after surgery or radiotherapy [116 -119].
Overall, AHT treatment mainly for positive margins, pT3, pN + and lpT2 of patients with risk factors, the majority reported in the literature can delay time to disease progression, but can improve the survival rate is no unanimous conclusion . the choice of treatment time and the time limit should be considered in patients with pathological stage, treatment side effects and costs, is still ...
Monday, February 21, 2011
You are my everything
You are all my life [a bit like the beginning of a song Oh]
you are my favorite people in this life you are my dream lover confidant
you are the spiritual pillar of my life
Some people say that man is a more profound reading of the more fascinating books
Some people say that a good woman is a crystal clear spring water
more products always meet the more flavor
inadvertently, it is glad to come to your blog, come to my blog to see it, please link to the majority of my friends fight fight off a surprise content. our happy life like a flower.
Today is our son Yang Shijie kiss (nicknamed : Great Treasure) was born 90 days, the baby on October 10, 2007 9:10 AM sub-birth. Here people want to collect the 1010 Notes and the vast majority of our friends and my baby to send your best wishes! I the majority of users most sincere best wishes and baby blog friends and the world. Thank you!!!
you are my favorite people in this life you are my dream lover confidant
you are the spiritual pillar of my life
Some people say that man is a more profound reading of the more fascinating books
Some people say that a good woman is a crystal clear spring water
more products always meet the more flavor
inadvertently, it is glad to come to your blog, come to my blog to see it, please link to the majority of my friends fight fight off a surprise content. our happy life like a flower.
Today is our son Yang Shijie kiss (nicknamed : Great Treasure) was born 90 days, the baby on October 10, 2007 9:10 AM sub-birth. Here people want to collect the 1010 Notes and the vast majority of our friends and my baby to send your best wishes! I the majority of users most sincere best wishes and baby blog friends and the world. Thank you!!!
Sunday, February 20, 2011
My hometown Cheng
Small God, this is my hometown.
Cheng, in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang Province, 23 kilometers southeast of the Ash River. The basic landscape for the the western plains magnanimous as a whetstone. is the city of Heilongjiang Province, the highest level of county-level city. has been awarded the national satellite city, the National Advanced City comprehensive improvement of urban environment, the national social security comprehensive management of advanced cities, national science and technology strength hundred counties (cities ), the National culturally advanced counties (cities), China's outstanding tourist city, county historical and cultural city, the provincial civilized city municipal building advanced model, the provincial Green advanced city, the province's top ten cities and other honorary titles.
Cheng, is a long history and rich cultural heritage of the city. AD 1115, an outstanding leader of Wan Yan A Guda Jurchen established a reputation in the prominent here, the great Jin Diguo. This has produced a number of outstanding historical figures, there have been a lot of Chinese history a major event in the process, remains the enduring cultural relics Jane.
Cheng, Longjiang beautiful tourist pearl city. in the best tourist collar ring radius of Harbin, the cultural landscape and the natural landscape a lot. There are at 2 kilometers south of the country effectively key units mm gold Huining Prefecture sites; northeast of the earliest Taoist Holy Land Song Fengshan; Heilongjiang's largest reservoir and the reservoir mm Jinquan Guo Xiquanyan real level forest park; Asia's largest closed hunting mm Yuquan hunting ground, Jinyuan cultural tourism area, the West spring reservoir, Yuquan Wei Hushan Forest Park, Song Fengshan and other tourist attractions.
Cheng, Longjiang beautiful tourist pearl of the city. in the best tourist collar ring Harbin radius, many cultural and natural landscape. There are 2 kilometers in the south of the country effectively key units mm gold Huining Prefecture sites; northeast of the earliest Taoist Holy Land Song Fengshan; Heilongjiang's largest reservoir and the reservoir mm Xiquanyan Jin Quanguo Real-level forest park; Asia's largest closed hunting mm Yuquan Hunting Ground, Golden Resources Cultural Tourism Zone, Red Star Fairy Lake, Gimcheon Lake, pond, Wan Hing Reservoir Scenic Area, the Songhua River Wetland Reserve, Manchu style village, Yuquan Wei Hushan Forest Park, Jin Taizu mausoleum, History Museum and will Ning Jin Park and other tourist attractions.
Cheng, in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang Province, 23 kilometers southeast of the Ash River. The basic landscape for the the western plains magnanimous as a whetstone. is the city of Heilongjiang Province, the highest level of county-level city. has been awarded the national satellite city, the National Advanced City comprehensive improvement of urban environment, the national social security comprehensive management of advanced cities, national science and technology strength hundred counties (cities ), the National culturally advanced counties (cities), China's outstanding tourist city, county historical and cultural city, the provincial civilized city municipal building advanced model, the provincial Green advanced city, the province's top ten cities and other honorary titles.
Cheng, is a long history and rich cultural heritage of the city. AD 1115, an outstanding leader of Wan Yan A Guda Jurchen established a reputation in the prominent here, the great Jin Diguo. This has produced a number of outstanding historical figures, there have been a lot of Chinese history a major event in the process, remains the enduring cultural relics Jane.
Cheng, Longjiang beautiful tourist pearl city. in the best tourist collar ring radius of Harbin, the cultural landscape and the natural landscape a lot. There are at 2 kilometers south of the country effectively key units mm gold Huining Prefecture sites; northeast of the earliest Taoist Holy Land Song Fengshan; Heilongjiang's largest reservoir and the reservoir mm Jinquan Guo Xiquanyan real level forest park; Asia's largest closed hunting mm Yuquan hunting ground, Jinyuan cultural tourism area, the West spring reservoir, Yuquan Wei Hushan Forest Park, Song Fengshan and other tourist attractions.
Cheng, Longjiang beautiful tourist pearl of the city. in the best tourist collar ring Harbin radius, many cultural and natural landscape. There are 2 kilometers in the south of the country effectively key units mm gold Huining Prefecture sites; northeast of the earliest Taoist Holy Land Song Fengshan; Heilongjiang's largest reservoir and the reservoir mm Xiquanyan Jin Quanguo Real-level forest park; Asia's largest closed hunting mm Yuquan Hunting Ground, Golden Resources Cultural Tourism Zone, Red Star Fairy Lake, Gimcheon Lake, pond, Wan Hing Reservoir Scenic Area, the Songhua River Wetland Reserve, Manchu style village, Yuquan Wei Hushan Forest Park, Jin Taizu mausoleum, History Museum and will Ning Jin Park and other tourist attractions.
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Gregorian Birthday
Today is the birthday of my 26-year-old Gregorian calendar, and I was born on May 14, 1981 the afternoon, my mother giving birth, giving birth to me!
Family has always been my lunar birthday, but I have always been there for his birthday on the eve of the habit of the review, so here a few wordy. Although not want to grow up, do not want in my life, a landmark 25-year-old to rush the end, though not achieved the age of 25 travel trip (because the peer did not encounter partner), 26 years old or predictable, do not knock the morning and not late in my life next door.
accompanied by crisp morning, Today, the spirit of dressing up, I did not, finishing a bit hasty to go to work! came to office, see the table of that bunch of flowers, lilies have withered, readily thrown into the trash, and I remember he said he only pass over the approximate outline of the photos, very happy family, a very enviable family! if I disturb others peace and quiet of life? if I have become a people of the world does a person have to die?
Looking back through my days of 25 years, always felt he was a happy and lucky girl. have parents offer all kinds of love, accompanied by a friend's well-being! the illusion of more than one occasion over their own future, perhaps What a greedy girl himself, to the too simple and too want luxury, luxury to go to a real, warm, plain, really love each other. want to go to a plain life, If parents like to have as deep feelings; a plain happiness, and his hand to an old lover. desire to share of happiness, even the poor do not want feelings of poor physical well-being. has always insisted that copies of faith!
However, I know, in such things, this is naive, as I insisted. Sure, up to 5 years to break announced the final end of love. But, now I am a mature state of mind I thank him, so I know love is a delicate art of living from art, I learned how to love a human being and make each other happy hh I thank him, and had brought me so much hh I thank him happy, so I slowly separate, slowly growing hh
memory of the most memorable birthday he gave me before, in the campus next to his bag under the bar, holding the guitar since the shells from sing a love song he touched me, and magic become a big bunch of roses out, and his own production of float smile will not miss him, but miss the time there had been a Sentimental, Sentimental love.
calm now I can remember their past, memories of their love, because I already aloof to think about all this. I learned a better life, and I believe I will be very happy. So you mm mm I have a lover, but also good life and would like to sincerely tell you: I wish you happiness! < br> I thought I had seen this world, seen through this life. so experienced a loved, hated, cried, laughed then, thinking that they never to love, and since then only the favorite to their own, can things get, I fell in love with a man should not love. I do not know, how will our fate as the acquaintance, if it is at the right time, maybe everything perfect, and we love has also long been borne fruit. able to get his love, and love him, should be the happiness of my life now. a man like him should have excellent quality, strong and not fall in the spirit of perseverance, Duirenduishi broad mind, dedication to the cause of love, a sense of responsibility of employees to work on the predecessors to the great respect, and extremely diligent efforts hh like him taste the taste and mouth, a very warm feeling, as if the last generation to hh already familiar with views like his eye color slightly (see me after only unique), a kind of elegance of the vested hh
I must admit that my love is selfish, is overbearing, and I do not like to share with others! I can accept I can not change, but I can not accept I will not tolerate it! very contradictory me! but is the real me, not mixed with a little fake!
this way, the real and hard There!
Family has always been my lunar birthday, but I have always been there for his birthday on the eve of the habit of the review, so here a few wordy. Although not want to grow up, do not want in my life, a landmark 25-year-old to rush the end, though not achieved the age of 25 travel trip (because the peer did not encounter partner), 26 years old or predictable, do not knock the morning and not late in my life next door.
accompanied by crisp morning, Today, the spirit of dressing up, I did not, finishing a bit hasty to go to work! came to office, see the table of that bunch of flowers, lilies have withered, readily thrown into the trash, and I remember he said he only pass over the approximate outline of the photos, very happy family, a very enviable family! if I disturb others peace and quiet of life? if I have become a people of the world does a person have to die?
Looking back through my days of 25 years, always felt he was a happy and lucky girl. have parents offer all kinds of love, accompanied by a friend's well-being! the illusion of more than one occasion over their own future, perhaps What a greedy girl himself, to the too simple and too want luxury, luxury to go to a real, warm, plain, really love each other. want to go to a plain life, If parents like to have as deep feelings; a plain happiness, and his hand to an old lover. desire to share of happiness, even the poor do not want feelings of poor physical well-being. has always insisted that copies of faith!
However, I know, in such things, this is naive, as I insisted. Sure, up to 5 years to break announced the final end of love. But, now I am a mature state of mind I thank him, so I know love is a delicate art of living from art, I learned how to love a human being and make each other happy hh I thank him, and had brought me so much hh I thank him happy, so I slowly separate, slowly growing hh
memory of the most memorable birthday he gave me before, in the campus next to his bag under the bar, holding the guitar since the shells from sing a love song he touched me, and magic become a big bunch of roses out, and his own production of float smile will not miss him, but miss the time there had been a Sentimental, Sentimental love.
calm now I can remember their past, memories of their love, because I already aloof to think about all this. I learned a better life, and I believe I will be very happy. So you mm mm I have a lover, but also good life and would like to sincerely tell you: I wish you happiness! < br> I thought I had seen this world, seen through this life. so experienced a loved, hated, cried, laughed then, thinking that they never to love, and since then only the favorite to their own, can things get, I fell in love with a man should not love. I do not know, how will our fate as the acquaintance, if it is at the right time, maybe everything perfect, and we love has also long been borne fruit. able to get his love, and love him, should be the happiness of my life now. a man like him should have excellent quality, strong and not fall in the spirit of perseverance, Duirenduishi broad mind, dedication to the cause of love, a sense of responsibility of employees to work on the predecessors to the great respect, and extremely diligent efforts hh like him taste the taste and mouth, a very warm feeling, as if the last generation to hh already familiar with views like his eye color slightly (see me after only unique), a kind of elegance of the vested hh
I must admit that my love is selfish, is overbearing, and I do not like to share with others! I can accept I can not change, but I can not accept I will not tolerate it! very contradictory me! but is the real me, not mixed with a little fake!
this way, the real and hard There!
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Not to make even more easily let go hand in hand
Not to make even more easily let go
hand you find it? Love the feeling of the beginning of the problem in a sweet, I felt much more a stay, one more person to help you share, you finally no longer alone, because At least one person thinking of you, Lianzhao you, whether to do something, as long as we can be together, that is good.
but slowly, with the deepening of understanding, you begin to discover each other's shortcomings, so the problem of a after another and you start trouble, tired, or even want to avoid. Some say love is like picking up rocks, always want to pick up a suitable, but you know when and how it can be picked up? her for you, you Also for her up?
fact, love should be like grinding Dan Zier, perhaps just picked up, you are not quite satisfied, but remember, people are resilient, many things can be changed as long as you determined to courage, rather than go around the stones picked up the unknown, not as to what we already have a stone polished finish. you start to wear it? lot of people think, because the feelings faded, people would become lazy, in fact, people the first to be inert to conquer, feeling slowly fades to.
at a dinner occasion, it was suggested to eat more shrimp on the body good, this time there is a middle-aged man suddenly said: When my wife or my girlfriend, she said eat shrimp ten, twenty, I stripped to her! Now, if she wanted me to help her peel shrimp shell is simply a joke! I could not even have to help her and take their food not interested, and also peeling shrimp shell it. If everyone is too lazy to talk, listen too lazy, too lazy to create a surprise, too lazy to gentle, then the husband and wife or lovers, how would not drift apart gradually silent it? So remember: a dynamic of love, is the need moderately attentive to irrigation, love, is not lazy.
have a couple, similar to the meal after work, shopping, but the girls because the company delayed the meeting, the time when she had arrived late for the rain more than 30 minutes, her boyfriend was upset and said: collapsed, she was thinking: Maybe, they had no future.
Similarly, in the same place, another couple is facing the same situation, when the girl arrived late for half an hour, her boyfriend, said: it is warm and happy.
you feel it? In fact, often only in our love-hate an idea! love not only tolerance but also to understand the time and many things may just change that fills your heart. If a person loved on you, and you think he good, that does not mean that you would choose him.
We always said: , what makes love love, you can not answer him, because you do not know.
Yes, we always thought that we would love to find a man she loved. But later, When we suddenly look back and realized how he had been naive. if never started, how do you know she will love love that person? In fact, love the feeling that many things to be together after experiencing will be found. Everyone wants to find their own one hundred percent of the partner mind, but you have not thought about someone by your side as early as you pay for a long time in silence, but you do not find it.
So, still a close look to see the people around you, he might have been waiting for you a long time. When you love someone, love to just eight absolute good. All the expectations and hopes are only Qi Bafen, and the remaining two or three points to love yourself . If you continue to love even more, is likely to result in heavy pressure on the other side, so that each breath, completely lost the love of fun.
So remember, do not drink drunk more than six points, eat not more than seven full, love a person no more than eight. If you are confused for love, following this release may give you some instructions: to love a person, to understand but also open solution; to apologize also thanks; to admit but also error correction; be understanding and considerate; is to accept and not stand; is tolerant and not condoned; is to support, not dominate; is sympathy, not questioned; is talk, not a complaint; is memorable but not forgotten; is communicate with each other not explain everything; is silent pray for each other rather than to each other a lot of requirements. can be romantic, but do not waste, it should not hold hands, but it should not let go.
a beautiful rose was the perfect moment because of the loss of the entire love life opportunity ~! hope everyone can see the entire life of the United States ~!
hand you find it? Love the feeling of the beginning of the problem in a sweet, I felt much more a stay, one more person to help you share, you finally no longer alone, because At least one person thinking of you, Lianzhao you, whether to do something, as long as we can be together, that is good.
but slowly, with the deepening of understanding, you begin to discover each other's shortcomings, so the problem of a after another and you start trouble, tired, or even want to avoid. Some say love is like picking up rocks, always want to pick up a suitable, but you know when and how it can be picked up? her for you, you Also for her up?
fact, love should be like grinding Dan Zier, perhaps just picked up, you are not quite satisfied, but remember, people are resilient, many things can be changed as long as you determined to courage, rather than go around the stones picked up the unknown, not as to what we already have a stone polished finish. you start to wear it? lot of people think, because the feelings faded, people would become lazy, in fact, people the first to be inert to conquer, feeling slowly fades to.
at a dinner occasion, it was suggested to eat more shrimp on the body good, this time there is a middle-aged man suddenly said: When my wife or my girlfriend, she said eat shrimp ten, twenty, I stripped to her! Now, if she wanted me to help her peel shrimp shell is simply a joke! I could not even have to help her and take their food not interested, and also peeling shrimp shell it. If everyone is too lazy to talk, listen too lazy, too lazy to create a surprise, too lazy to gentle, then the husband and wife or lovers, how would not drift apart gradually silent it? So remember: a dynamic of love, is the need moderately attentive to irrigation, love, is not lazy.
have a couple, similar to the meal after work, shopping, but the girls because the company delayed the meeting, the time when she had arrived late for the rain more than 30 minutes, her boyfriend was upset and said: collapsed, she was thinking: Maybe, they had no future.
Similarly, in the same place, another couple is facing the same situation, when the girl arrived late for half an hour, her boyfriend, said: it is warm and happy.
you feel it? In fact, often only in our love-hate an idea! love not only tolerance but also to understand the time and many things may just change that fills your heart. If a person loved on you, and you think he good, that does not mean that you would choose him.
We always said: , what makes love love, you can not answer him, because you do not know.
Yes, we always thought that we would love to find a man she loved. But later, When we suddenly look back and realized how he had been naive. if never started, how do you know she will love love that person? In fact, love the feeling that many things to be together after experiencing will be found. Everyone wants to find their own one hundred percent of the partner mind, but you have not thought about someone by your side as early as you pay for a long time in silence, but you do not find it.
So, still a close look to see the people around you, he might have been waiting for you a long time. When you love someone, love to just eight absolute good. All the expectations and hopes are only Qi Bafen, and the remaining two or three points to love yourself . If you continue to love even more, is likely to result in heavy pressure on the other side, so that each breath, completely lost the love of fun.
So remember, do not drink drunk more than six points, eat not more than seven full, love a person no more than eight. If you are confused for love, following this release may give you some instructions: to love a person, to understand but also open solution; to apologize also thanks; to admit but also error correction; be understanding and considerate; is to accept and not stand; is tolerant and not condoned; is to support, not dominate; is sympathy, not questioned; is talk, not a complaint; is memorable but not forgotten; is communicate with each other not explain everything; is silent pray for each other rather than to each other a lot of requirements. can be romantic, but do not waste, it should not hold hands, but it should not let go.
a beautiful rose was the perfect moment because of the loss of the entire love life opportunity ~! hope everyone can see the entire life of the United States ~!
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Song transfer Anemarrhena
AKA: The Song of enlightenment Zhangjia National Division with Pema Wangyal translated
the Origin of the truth, profound and wonderful,
guru! Your Enzhongrushan guide me to witness the body of its original,
request you! resident in the center of my heart, given the infinite blessing,
sentiment of joy ah! filled from the bottom of my heart,
few words, then blurted out.
elderly mother, was lost for many years,
Crazy ruthless son, in the occasional opportunity,
seemed to see, day and night coexistence
old mother, kind face.
origin brother, in private,
had hinted , mother's face,
However, Foreign Secretary specious,
has shaken the confidence I voted for pregnant mothers.
material and spiritual, showing the Sea Fun World,
sparkling smile is the happy mother; < br> Across time and death and change,
an excuse for the mother to deceive the children;
ah! mother! in confused me, so I do not see her true face.
beg you, pain I love my brother, the origin,
please help me find my mother.
, perhaps, the mother of immeasurable grace, make me see the true fan pull,
However, grasping the phenomenon of duality in I was so real,
Therefore, the Buddha III, can not save me from confusion.
However, the phenomenon of variation of all the scene,
is the true revelation of the mother,
if Perspective really as practical, free entrance into the party is expected.
exist, there is no absolute non-Self ---- ----- mother can express in words,
but nothing above, but show an interdependent phenomenon,
br> But in the warm embrace of his mother, I found the parents huddled look,
ah! From now on, I will always be,
father en en tender care and blessed mother.
original non-A non-differentiation, is fascinated by the implementation of the faces of mothers,
brother shining on the origin of the mirror and never was not real.
our mediocrity, fretting Italian fans,
never get to the bottom through which the mystery.
Nagarjuna, April teachings known as the wind spread the gospel,
floated from the ancient times, knocking my eardrums closed,
embodiment of Manjushri ----- Tsongkhapa,
wisdom essence GREENVILLE,
like a messenger bird, suggesting that transported me from the wisdom of the double.
From then on, I will not travel long distances to seek out hard to the outside ,
old mother, always with me from morning till evening.
Today, the camp of some > phenomenon of the lively world, turned a deaf ear,
they looking for, is a defunct, shape and on the br> never been defilement floating spots.
though, many of discourse and interpretation in an attempt to describe the mother's original true,
However, poor word, not always need to join the reasons,
mother true surface, escape our understanding,
far more emptiness hhh
mother's face, though, shows some of the Origin of the Foreign Secretary,
However, (Zhangjia Living Buddha) in terms of,
is no longer never had a moment of separation.
a Ministry, the Ministry of Consciousness, and the School of Oriental self-renewal of the three masters,
do not see the true face of the mother;
executive Theravada two commentators,
the elephant-like look just like the air of the mother,
as a body, like a tiger stripe print;
idealism of those who actually held in the Insight!
the elephant-like look just like the air of the mother,
as a jump, with no stereotypes of monkeys;
implementation of dharmas You Zixing the masters!
put the elephant-like look just like The air of the mother,
as a brutal bear.
Although sectarian masters, attempting to various languages and concepts,
to describe their perception of the mother,
However, in old mother,
been looking for the way they lost.
Sakya, Nyingma, Karma, beads Kagyu sect of the achievements of such masters,
describe their own practical experience emptiness Mother:
what play on words out of it?
not broken No,
worked hard so why worry about it?
happy now! to accept !
not scholars!
Do not be discouraged her face ah, happy now! !
million in France, although no self-nature,
but, according to the origin to be, still is showing the colorful things,
faction of self-renewal masters!
Do not unhappy, and glad, ! !
heart concerns about it! !
Mind, although the net,
but still able to show a self-righteous the old school who held their cards!
meditation, they must Taimian Jiang stubborn! !
stubborn sophists who!
in recognition of the , only I respect, ignore the reference to his classic case study,
Thus, the concept of names in the expression phase,
the total number of unsatisfactory deficiencies remain.
But, I say, br> There is no disrespect to you,
However, in the words of the statements on, if accidentally offended your self-esteem,
I pray, give the maximum tolerance.
like a brave Knight, a good horse to tame,
I'm good at lasting, sincere effort,
outside their own Chi transfer services to the heart,
in order to narrow from the self-bondage.
Heart Mo request, the Kuku Qiu homing is still from the heart;
MO real enforcement has all the existing phenomena are unreal;
not deny illusory, illusory than there would be no real .
away from the the concept of pointing,
allows me to their side,
regain, who lost years of Fu Muen.
thanks ah! Nagarjuna apprenticeship opening,
thanks ah! Tsongkhapa pointing,
Ah thanks! I Enchongrushan mentor.
I will Qin-xiu Li empty of meaning the mother to repay their ho your grace.
no life without destruction, away from all play on the mother,
meet again with the wise son.
cheerful and joy, to the realm of perfection.
altruistic Bodhisattva vows willing to feast,
Tzu this world,
En mother-like sentient beings, so that they enjoy a lasting long-lasting great music.
cheerful ah! me, milk Weiduo Jie,
ease yo! me singing and dancing.
the joy of enlightenment, as the Most Excellent offerings,
I would like, presented to the supreme treasures.
, turned into shrines in Manjusri Mountain King made. transcripts were
the Origin of the truth, profound and wonderful,
guru! Your Enzhongrushan guide me to witness the body of its original,
request you! resident in the center of my heart, given the infinite blessing,
sentiment of joy ah! filled from the bottom of my heart,
few words, then blurted out.
elderly mother, was lost for many years,
Crazy ruthless son, in the occasional opportunity,
seemed to see, day and night coexistence
old mother, kind face.
origin brother, in private,
had hinted , mother's face,
However, Foreign Secretary specious,
has shaken the confidence I voted for pregnant mothers.
material and spiritual, showing the Sea Fun World,
sparkling smile is the happy mother; < br> Across time and death and change,
an excuse for the mother to deceive the children;
ah! mother! in confused me, so I do not see her true face.
beg you, pain I love my brother, the origin,
please help me find my mother.
, perhaps, the mother of immeasurable grace, make me see the true fan pull,
However, grasping the phenomenon of duality in I was so real,
Therefore, the Buddha III, can not save me from confusion.
However, the phenomenon of variation of all the scene,
is the true revelation of the mother,
if Perspective really as practical, free entrance into the party is expected.
exist, there is no absolute non-Self ---- ----- mother can express in words,
but nothing above, but show an interdependent phenomenon,
br> But in the warm embrace of his mother, I found the parents huddled look,
ah! From now on, I will always be,
father en en tender care and blessed mother.
original non-A non-differentiation, is fascinated by the implementation of the faces of mothers,
brother shining on the origin of the mirror and never was not real.
our mediocrity, fretting Italian fans,
never get to the bottom through which the mystery.
Nagarjuna, April teachings known as the wind spread the gospel,
floated from the ancient times, knocking my eardrums closed,
embodiment of Manjushri ----- Tsongkhapa,
wisdom essence GREENVILLE,
like a messenger bird, suggesting that transported me from the wisdom of the double.
From then on, I will not travel long distances to seek out hard to the outside ,
old mother, always with me from morning till evening.
Today, the camp of some > phenomenon of the lively world, turned a deaf ear,
they looking for, is a defunct, shape and on the br> never been defilement floating spots.
though, many of discourse and interpretation in an attempt to describe the mother's original true,
However, poor word, not always need to join the reasons,
mother true surface, escape our understanding,
far more emptiness hhh
mother's face, though, shows some of the Origin of the Foreign Secretary,
However, (Zhangjia Living Buddha) in terms of,
is no longer never had a moment of separation.
a Ministry, the Ministry of Consciousness, and the School of Oriental self-renewal of the three masters,
do not see the true face of the mother;
executive Theravada two commentators,
the elephant-like look just like the air of the mother,
as a body, like a tiger stripe print;
idealism of those who actually held in the Insight!
the elephant-like look just like the air of the mother,
as a jump, with no stereotypes of monkeys;
implementation of dharmas You Zixing the masters!
put the elephant-like look just like The air of the mother,
as a brutal bear.
Although sectarian masters, attempting to various languages and concepts,
to describe their perception of the mother,
However, in old mother,
been looking for the way they lost.
Sakya, Nyingma, Karma, beads Kagyu sect of the achievements of such masters,
describe their own practical experience emptiness Mother:
what play on words out of it?
not broken No,
worked hard so why worry about it?
happy now! to accept !
not scholars!
Do not be discouraged her face ah, happy now! !
million in France, although no self-nature,
but, according to the origin to be, still is showing the colorful things,
faction of self-renewal masters!
Do not unhappy, and glad, ! !
heart concerns about it! !
Mind, although the net,
but still able to show a self-righteous the old school who held their cards!
meditation, they must Taimian Jiang stubborn! !
stubborn sophists who!
in recognition of the , only I respect, ignore the reference to his classic case study,
Thus, the concept of names in the expression phase,
the total number of unsatisfactory deficiencies remain.
But, I say, br> There is no disrespect to you,
However, in the words of the statements on, if accidentally offended your self-esteem,
I pray, give the maximum tolerance.
like a brave Knight, a good horse to tame,
I'm good at lasting, sincere effort,
outside their own Chi transfer services to the heart,
in order to narrow from the self-bondage.
Heart Mo request, the Kuku Qiu homing is still from the heart;
MO real enforcement has all the existing phenomena are unreal;
not deny illusory, illusory than there would be no real .
away from the the concept of pointing,
allows me to their side,
regain, who lost years of Fu Muen.
thanks ah! Nagarjuna apprenticeship opening,
thanks ah! Tsongkhapa pointing,
Ah thanks! I Enchongrushan mentor.
I will Qin-xiu Li empty of meaning the mother to repay their ho your grace.
no life without destruction, away from all play on the mother,
meet again with the wise son.
cheerful and joy, to the realm of perfection.
altruistic Bodhisattva vows willing to feast,
Tzu this world,
En mother-like sentient beings, so that they enjoy a lasting long-lasting great music.
cheerful ah! me, milk Weiduo Jie,
ease yo! me singing and dancing.
the joy of enlightenment, as the Most Excellent offerings,
I would like, presented to the supreme treasures.
, turned into shrines in Manjusri Mountain King made. transcripts were
Monday, February 14, 2011
General Xu Shiyou burial true magic inside story
Xu Shiyou only a the 1980s found the first generation in Gaoyou Guangling Liu Xu and Queen coffin room. Liu Xu's burial is only the emperor can enjoy the ancient within a set is preserved only in China, Tomb of the Han Guangling read Guangling
cemetery because, today, I remembered to write about the tomb of General Xu Shiyou, as many as the tomb and Xu Chuanqi life, full of mystery.
Xu Shiyou, the former commander of the Nanjing Military Region. September 1955, was awarded the rank of general, was an August Medal, one independent of the Medal of Freedom, a Liberation Medal .1985 on October 22, after the death of Xu in Nanjing, special approval by Deng Xiaoping, burial in his hometown County of Henan. The promise is the mainland after the reform funeral cremation, the first 28, Xu Shiyou was born in Henan Tian Pu Xiang River County, a farmer Pu Cun Xu Jia Va. as a kid that mixed full belly, with the village people who will run errands .8 age of martial arts to the Shaolin Temple to learn martial arts, which is Xu monk years after the end of the Red Army, Xu Lin Biao was arranged into the Red Army when the university president. during the critical school tao, ideas generated by different point of view, Xu punched Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong and shot nearly so. Fortunately, Mao changed his execution decision, or no later commander of the Nanjing Military Region.
Xu Shiyou first one to stand out, and in series a number of the original Red Fourth Army's high, intermediate commander, secretly agreed to return to Daba guerrilla. things of the leak, Xu Shiyou, Hong Xuezhi with more than 30 people were arrested, detained Xu Shiyou University of confinement into the Red Room. as a shocked about the incident. He realized that this was not a breakout from the series rebellious, but simply the existence of a serious batch of isotonic exercise expansion tendency of the entire Red Army soldiers and four tao as a target of the criticism and feel with strong dissatisfaction, so angry against the situation, personally went to see Xu Shiyou. Zedong did not expect, did not cut the slightest resentment Xu Shiyou, he even jumped the front step and Mao tried to be, directed at Mao cursed: have a gun, shot today, you collapse! Kang Sheng Xu Shiyou execution is put forward, but then hair that life-long Many senior generals, such as Chen Yi-Wen is known, is the NORTH PEAK. Shiyou are notoriously big dutiful son, the mother respected as a mountain, filial piety is. townspeople said, the winter of 1952, when Xu Shandong Military Region Commander to visit their hometowns not seen for 20 years, mother. meet, the mother cried. crying stop, pleased that his mother hastened to boil water to drink to his son, sometimes called the forgotten promise kneeling on the ground up. result, Hsu had been kneeling in that fixed .
Figure: In 1979, Xu Shiyou command of self-defense war against Vietnam in Guangxi. The picture shows promise in the battle front.
looking gray-haired mother, Xu perhaps in this moment, the initiation of the , filial paternity after the death of his aging mother, Deputy Defense Minister and commander of the Nanjing Military Region, Xu Shiyou return home again, the mother had passed away. Hui Zhang Gui in her mother's grave, tears wash the face and strengthened after the death of defensive back to the graves of his mother wishes. Xu feet of their parents Edge mm joint burial before fifty-six meters away from their parents at the election of their own future resting place.
Xu's hometown in Hubei and Henan at the junction of the cove, the Hsu's graves in the hillside near our home, in front of large open fields, and reservoirs, there geomancy distance in front of the so-called operation Wukesong tree is growing, from the bend in different directions Xu optional cemetery was like encirclement. the ancient theory of geomancy known as the Xu final and not buried in this peculiar ground, burial site when a grave is easy.
Figure: Xu Shiyou Xu
cemetery after the death of the Nanjing Military Region, under the promise during his lifetime arrangement, immediately sent engineers to the new county. But some experts saw the promise in the chosen cemetery and found the terrain too hollow, easy to water, which is not conducive to the preservation of the coffin and the skeleton. promise parents in the tomb 40 meters north-east, there's a piece of terrain Shuang Gao open space, for the purpose of protecting the good old head of the proposed buried here. Xu family feel justified, we promise to give up his lifetime's choice cemetery. now promise tomb, not the parents of the Zhaizi closer, about 50 meters.
Xu Shiyou will be buried after their election years in the parents of the The total recorded three yuan. grave Yuan . losing her temper mm dare not carry out my orders, pull out!
back then, the only time not to listen to Chairman Mao, Xu Shiyou, then in the end how the same thing.
1956, at the time Zhongnanhai central work conference held on, Comrade Mao Zedong first proposed, the implementation of all communists are cremated after death, leaving only ashes without leaving the body, not to build the tomb. in a cremation, Cremation approach to state personnel, please sign in the back. who signed his name, and it means we must implement their own cremation after death. after the realization of the deceased must ensure that the first cremation of the deceased volunteer. Long Zhou Deli 164 Division Artillery Regiment in self-defense entered the Vietnam War photo of the former position.
held in the same year the Eighth National Congress of the CPC, including the national leaders when celebrities, including a total of 151 people, all agreed, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Peng, Deng Xiaoping, Kang Sheng, Peng Zhen, the Initiative on the solemn hh wu signed his name, but only that the new CPC Central Committee and alternate member of Xu Shiyou not signed.
When the It is said that after listening to Mao Zedong, did not make any statement, just laughed. but Xu Shiyou is bent, determined not to be cremated.
1949 years later, state leaders did not implement the cremation of only three, the first was Ren Bishi, the second of Mao Zedong, the third is Xu Shiyou.
burial paternity in order to achieve the wish of the mother, three years after Mao's death in 1979, when 74 years old, to the folk superstition princes do not move themselves to the br> Photo: Xu Shiyou attaches great importance to military construction, and he often said: The content is so mm
Xu Guang:
-mail to the entire cash Wu Shi Yuan, use the money to buy me a coffin. I do not cremated after death, to be buried in his hometown to go, and buried their parents, sake of the general alive, dead, to honor their parents.
I am 74 years old, in good health, live to eighty-nine-year-old, and only ten years, you can prepare first.
Xu Shiyou October 22
I do not know God, or a coincidence, maybe somewhere there is a really luck. six years after the October 22, 1985, Xu Shiyou, General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region in the eighth ward died. And that day, 6 years ago, it was his letter to the promise of light, required to prepare a funeral the day.
Xu Shiyou is suffering from liver cancer just after the death of .1985 on New Year's Day, Xu Shiyou know little to Japan, then to the Secretary of the CPC Central Committee write a report, in writing, formally proposed the burial requirements. Xu said the (Communist) party worked so many years, the organization has no other desire death only required to allow the implementation of the CPC Central Committee in his burial. promised a very good reason : join the revolution at an early age, to serve the mother enough. alive loyal, filial dead, buried in the mother edge of the grave to filial piety.
but until Xu eyes closed, he did not reply until the CPC Central Committee.
Figure: Xu Shiyou and soldiers exercises Shaolin cudgel
said Xu's report, including Deng Xiaoping when sent to high-level circulation of Beijing, but definitely not down. Xiaoping Xu Shiyou year that refused to be cremated, are all very good, great respect for Tang Xu. In return, the Tang to Nanjing is the first person to see Xu Shiyou. ultimately, it is Deng Xiaoping took a board and agreed to promise not cremated, but After the death of the fourth day, when he was deputy director of the Central Advisory Commission of Wang Zhen, commissioned by Deng Xiaoping, Deng's hand with instructions to fly to the Nanjing Military Region. King relayed the views of Deng, , illustrious military exploits, hundreds die life is a special character, special experience, a special contribution to the special people. Deng Xiaoping signed a special permit, which is a special special. October 31, 1985 afternoon, a sunny day. but leave the start, the weather appeared a vision of the matter so far there will be when the circumstances mm into the auditorium, there is no sign of rain until the ceremony began, the weather suddenly turned bad, rain fell and continued for ten minutes, but then suddenly stopped.
superstition that if in accordance with the past, Xu Shiyou generals is a constellation in heaven, God induction, and in the promise not to cry! to the author of the message view of private law blog
statement: This article is for Sohu blog for free reading, NI parties have full copyright June. with map Unless otherwise indicated, all from the network, six do not enjoy copyright Ni side. to use the blog works is subject to NI within the six-party agreement and pay the corresponding remuneration. without authorization, any unit or individual shall not be reproduced in any form, Journal use, publishing the works. Ni Fang six reserves the illegal users the right to pursue legal responsibilities.
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cemetery because, today, I remembered to write about the tomb of General Xu Shiyou, as many as the tomb and Xu Chuanqi life, full of mystery.
Xu Shiyou, the former commander of the Nanjing Military Region. September 1955, was awarded the rank of general, was an August Medal, one independent of the Medal of Freedom, a Liberation Medal .1985 on October 22, after the death of Xu in Nanjing, special approval by Deng Xiaoping, burial in his hometown County of Henan. The promise is the mainland after the reform funeral cremation, the first 28, Xu Shiyou was born in Henan Tian Pu Xiang River County, a farmer Pu Cun Xu Jia Va. as a kid that mixed full belly, with the village people who will run errands .8 age of martial arts to the Shaolin Temple to learn martial arts, which is Xu monk years after the end of the Red Army, Xu Lin Biao was arranged into the Red Army when the university president. during the critical school tao, ideas generated by different point of view, Xu punched Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong and shot nearly so. Fortunately, Mao changed his execution decision, or no later commander of the Nanjing Military Region.
Xu Shiyou first one to stand out, and in series a number of the original Red Fourth Army's high, intermediate commander, secretly agreed to return to Daba guerrilla. things of the leak, Xu Shiyou, Hong Xuezhi with more than 30 people were arrested, detained Xu Shiyou University of confinement into the Red Room. as a shocked about the incident. He realized that this was not a breakout from the series rebellious, but simply the existence of a serious batch of isotonic exercise expansion tendency of the entire Red Army soldiers and four tao as a target of the criticism and feel with strong dissatisfaction, so angry against the situation, personally went to see Xu Shiyou. Zedong did not expect, did not cut the slightest resentment Xu Shiyou, he even jumped the front step and Mao tried to be, directed at Mao cursed: have a gun, shot today, you collapse! Kang Sheng Xu Shiyou execution is put forward, but then hair that life-long Many senior generals, such as Chen Yi-Wen is known, is the NORTH PEAK. Shiyou are notoriously big dutiful son, the mother respected as a mountain, filial piety is. townspeople said, the winter of 1952, when Xu Shandong Military Region Commander to visit their hometowns not seen for 20 years, mother. meet, the mother cried. crying stop, pleased that his mother hastened to boil water to drink to his son, sometimes called the forgotten promise kneeling on the ground up. result, Hsu had been kneeling in that fixed .
Figure: In 1979, Xu Shiyou command of self-defense war against Vietnam in Guangxi. The picture shows promise in the battle front.
looking gray-haired mother, Xu perhaps in this moment, the initiation of the , filial paternity after the death of his aging mother, Deputy Defense Minister and commander of the Nanjing Military Region, Xu Shiyou return home again, the mother had passed away. Hui Zhang Gui in her mother's grave, tears wash the face and strengthened after the death of defensive back to the graves of his mother wishes. Xu feet of their parents Edge mm joint burial before fifty-six meters away from their parents at the election of their own future resting place.
Xu's hometown in Hubei and Henan at the junction of the cove, the Hsu's graves in the hillside near our home, in front of large open fields, and reservoirs, there geomancy distance in front of the so-called operation Wukesong tree is growing, from the bend in different directions Xu optional cemetery was like encirclement. the ancient theory of geomancy known as the Xu final and not buried in this peculiar ground, burial site when a grave is easy.
Figure: Xu Shiyou Xu
cemetery after the death of the Nanjing Military Region, under the promise during his lifetime arrangement, immediately sent engineers to the new county. But some experts saw the promise in the chosen cemetery and found the terrain too hollow, easy to water, which is not conducive to the preservation of the coffin and the skeleton. promise parents in the tomb 40 meters north-east, there's a piece of terrain Shuang Gao open space, for the purpose of protecting the good old head of the proposed buried here. Xu family feel justified, we promise to give up his lifetime's choice cemetery. now promise tomb, not the parents of the Zhaizi closer, about 50 meters.
Xu Shiyou will be buried after their election years in the parents of the The total recorded three yuan. grave Yuan . losing her temper mm dare not carry out my orders, pull out!
back then, the only time not to listen to Chairman Mao, Xu Shiyou, then in the end how the same thing.
1956, at the time Zhongnanhai central work conference held on, Comrade Mao Zedong first proposed, the implementation of all communists are cremated after death, leaving only ashes without leaving the body, not to build the tomb. in a cremation, Cremation approach to state personnel, please sign in the back. who signed his name, and it means we must implement their own cremation after death. after the realization of the deceased must ensure that the first cremation of the deceased volunteer. Long Zhou Deli 164 Division Artillery Regiment in self-defense entered the Vietnam War photo of the former position.
held in the same year the Eighth National Congress of the CPC, including the national leaders when celebrities, including a total of 151 people, all agreed, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Peng, Deng Xiaoping, Kang Sheng, Peng Zhen, the Initiative on the solemn hh wu signed his name, but only that the new CPC Central Committee and alternate member of Xu Shiyou not signed.
When the It is said that after listening to Mao Zedong, did not make any statement, just laughed. but Xu Shiyou is bent, determined not to be cremated.
1949 years later, state leaders did not implement the cremation of only three, the first was Ren Bishi, the second of Mao Zedong, the third is Xu Shiyou.
burial paternity in order to achieve the wish of the mother, three years after Mao's death in 1979, when 74 years old, to the folk superstition princes do not move themselves to the br> Photo: Xu Shiyou attaches great importance to military construction, and he often said: The content is so mm
Xu Guang:
-mail to the entire cash Wu Shi Yuan, use the money to buy me a coffin. I do not cremated after death, to be buried in his hometown to go, and buried their parents, sake of the general alive, dead, to honor their parents.
I am 74 years old, in good health, live to eighty-nine-year-old, and only ten years, you can prepare first.
Xu Shiyou October 22
I do not know God, or a coincidence, maybe somewhere there is a really luck. six years after the October 22, 1985, Xu Shiyou, General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region in the eighth ward died. And that day, 6 years ago, it was his letter to the promise of light, required to prepare a funeral the day.
Xu Shiyou is suffering from liver cancer just after the death of .1985 on New Year's Day, Xu Shiyou know little to Japan, then to the Secretary of the CPC Central Committee write a report, in writing, formally proposed the burial requirements. Xu said the (Communist) party worked so many years, the organization has no other desire death only required to allow the implementation of the CPC Central Committee in his burial. promised a very good reason : join the revolution at an early age, to serve the mother enough. alive loyal, filial dead, buried in the mother edge of the grave to filial piety.
but until Xu eyes closed, he did not reply until the CPC Central Committee.
Figure: Xu Shiyou and soldiers exercises Shaolin cudgel
said Xu's report, including Deng Xiaoping when sent to high-level circulation of Beijing, but definitely not down. Xiaoping Xu Shiyou year that refused to be cremated, are all very good, great respect for Tang Xu. In return, the Tang to Nanjing is the first person to see Xu Shiyou. ultimately, it is Deng Xiaoping took a board and agreed to promise not cremated, but After the death of the fourth day, when he was deputy director of the Central Advisory Commission of Wang Zhen, commissioned by Deng Xiaoping, Deng's hand with instructions to fly to the Nanjing Military Region. King relayed the views of Deng, , illustrious military exploits, hundreds die life is a special character, special experience, a special contribution to the special people. Deng Xiaoping signed a special permit, which is a special special. October 31, 1985 afternoon, a sunny day. but leave the start, the weather appeared a vision of the matter so far there will be when the circumstances mm into the auditorium, there is no sign of rain until the ceremony began, the weather suddenly turned bad, rain fell and continued for ten minutes, but then suddenly stopped.
superstition that if in accordance with the past, Xu Shiyou generals is a constellation in heaven, God induction, and in the promise not to cry! to the author of the message view of private law blog
statement: This article is for Sohu blog for free reading, NI parties have full copyright June. with map Unless otherwise indicated, all from the network, six do not enjoy copyright Ni side. to use the blog works is subject to NI within the six-party agreement and pay the corresponding remuneration. without authorization, any unit or individual shall not be reproduced in any form, Journal use, publishing the works. Ni Fang six reserves the illegal users the right to pursue legal responsibilities.
told friends the news: NI parties six new book, mm
Moon because her husband was having an affair
prostitutes poets in Tang Dynasty Ancient Chinese emperors after the death of the phenomenon of burial
China should take the mystery Olympic gold medals in the Chinese emperors who
can get an Olympic medal?
more articles please click on the list of bloggers
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